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SAFETY FUND INSURANCE. 

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Fire Insurance Company, 

135 BROADWAY, 

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NEW YORK. 




LOSSES PAID SINCE ORGANIZATION, 

THipEi fLLIOH DOLLJ^g. 



CASH CAPITAL, 
Reserve for all Liabilities, 

Net Surplus, % - 

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Total Assets, January i st, 1889, 



$5oo,ooo.oo 

1,480,595.11 

379,540,26 

$2,360,135.37 



All Policies of this Company are now issued under the M. Y. Safety Fund Law. 

1 i ♦■ 

PETER NOTMAN, Pres. THOS. F. GOODRICH, Vice-Pres. 

,. WEST POLLOCK, Secretary. ' GEO. C. HOWE, Ass't Secretary 



DIRECTORS. 

JOHN TAYLOR JOHNSTON, PETER NOTMAN, J. HERBERT JOHNSON. 

DAVID STEWART. JAMES W. ELWELL, 'AUSTIN CORBIN, 

WM. H. WISNER. THOMAS G. RITCH, GEO. A. HALSEY. 

EDWARD L. HEDDEN, THOS. F. GOODRICH, CHAS. B. FARWELL, 

JAMES R. TAYLOR. WM. E. TEFFT , DUMONT CLARKE. 

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BEHNING PIANO. 




FACTORY AND WIHEROOMS: 



WESTERN BRANCH: 



157, 159, 161 East 128th Street, 204 West Ninth Street, 



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FURNACES Up RANGES 




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EXAMINIi &u>: 

F\\i ILTLESS 

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None 1 letter. 
All Kinds and Sizes 



GRAFF & CO., Manufacturers, 208 Water St., New York. 



ESTABLISHED I860. 



carpets AMOS H. VAN HORN f"™e 

73 MARKET STREET, Near Plane Street, 



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The oldest, largest and most reliable Carpet and Furniture Establishment in the State. 
Five Floors running through the entire block from 73 Market Street to 22, 24, 26 and 28 
Campbell Street. Importer and Manufacturer of aH kinds of Carpets and Furniture, retailed 
at wholesale prices. 73 Market Street, near Plane Street, Newark, N. J. 





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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889, by 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 



Press of 

FARRANH \ EVEEDELL, 

256 Pearl street, 

New Yokk. 




WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



THE diligent student of history, in 
his examination of the rise, prog- 
ress and decline of the nations of 
the earth, will be led to this observation, 
that every age, from the earliest times. 
has produced its great men, and that 
some one among them has stood out among 
his fellows prominent for virtue, courage, 
a leader of armies, or as a ruler over the 
lives ami destinies of his countrymen; 
ami also, that their biographies, incom- 
plete as 111:1113 el' them are. are only frag- 
ments of the history of the countries in 
which they lived. 

But while this is true of most of the 
ancient commonwealths, later centuries, 
with more critical historians, have elabo- 
rated the lives of their heroes so com- 
pletely as to bring not only into view the 
traits of character that men always honor 
ami applaud, but disclose too frequently 
their selfishness, rapacity and cruelty, 
mixed with what would otherwise lie a 
well rounded life. Iiut still with all their 
faults how we delight to follow them 
through the various critical and perilous 
situations in which they have been placed; 
to view them in the extremes of adverse 
and prosperous fortune; to trace their 
progress through all the difficulties they 
have surmounted, and contemplate their 



conduct at a time when, the power and 
pomp of office having disappeared, it may 
he presented to us in the simple garb of 

truth. 

If among those exalted characters which 
are produced in every age, none can have 
a. fairer claim to the attention of mankind 
than those under whose auspices great 
empires have been founded, or political 
institutions, deserving to he permanent, 
established, how much regard will a 
representation of the life, character and 
public services of America's favorite son — 
George Washington— meet with from the 
citizens of this last, best and greatest of 
the nations. 

The opening of the present year, and 
the inaugural of Benjamin Harrison as the 
23d President of these United States, 
marks the dawn of the second century of 
our national life, and as we turn our gaze 
backward, we see an image without sem- 
blance in the history of the 'world — a 
figure whose glorious yet serene light will 
continue to illuminate the pathway of just 
government so long as men have gratitude 
in the remembrance of true greatness, and 
have a sincere ambition to be true. 

Look at Washington as you will — turn 
your gaze to any side of his character — 
and you behold a perfect man. Whether 



6 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



we perceive him at the head of armies, 
during the most arduous and perilous war, 
on the events of which our national exist- 
ence was staked, supporting with invinci- 
ble fortitude the unequal contest ; or that 
war beiug happily terminated, his retiring 
to private life, only — like Cincinnatus, 
who was called from his plow to aid Home 
in a critical period — to engage in the 
counsels of his country with the same firm- 
ness, wisdom and virtue, which he had so 
successfully displayed in the field ; or as a 



In the following brief sketch of Wash 
ington's life and public services, ending 
with the programme of the first inaugura- 
tion ceremonies, it is not intended to deal 
with every minute detail, for this would nec- 
essarily make the history too prolix, but 
rather for the anniversary occasion to pre- 
sent the two sides of his life — public and 
private — in the light of the testimony of 
those who knew him, and whose testimony 
is accepted by historians as conclusive. 
The character of Washington, as summed 




FEDERAL HALL. 

SITE OF THE PRESENT SUB-TREASURY, COR. WALL AND NASSAU STREETS, WHERE WASHINGTON WAS 
INAUGURATED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 178,,. 



chief magistrate at a t hue when the hap- 
piness, liberty, and perhaps the preserva- 
tion of his country depended on adminis- 
tering the affairs of the Union, so that a 
government standing on public favor, 
which had with infinite difficulty been 
adopted, and against which the must in- 
veterate prejudices had been excited. 
should conciliate public opinion, and ac- 
quire a firmness and stability that would 
enable it to resist the rude shocks it was 
destined to sustain. 



up by his contemporaries, was that he was 
as simple as a child, invariably modest, 
so deprecating of emolument, so emi- 
nently fair to all men, so loving to his 
countrymen and resigned to their every 
command, so courageous, with fidelity, in- 
tegrity, courtesy and nobility combined 
in one nature as never before. 

Washington Irving commences his life of 
George Washington by a genealogical 
chapter tracing the family to the eleventh 
century, through ancient and honorable 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



descent. Mr. Irving carries us back to 
the early days of the Plantagenets, when 
the De Wessyngtons did manorial service 
in battle and chase, to the military Bishop 
of Durham. Sometime during the fifteenth 
century the branch of the family in North- 
amptonshire, who were loyalists in the 
Cromwellian era, changed the name to 
Washington. One Sir Henry gained re- 
nown by his defense of Worcester. John 
and Lawrence, two brothers, emigrated to 
Virginia in 1667, and established them- 



His father, who owned several planta- 
tions in Stafford County, removed to one 
of them shortly after his birth, and here, 
before he was old enough to follow his half- 
brother Lawrence (who had been sent to 
England to be educated), his father died 
from an attack < it' t he gout. This happened 
in 1743, and George was left to the guard- 
ianship of his mother; a trust, the witness 
of which in universal praise in the molding 
of the character of her noble son. can utter 
no greater encomium than call her "the 





Iff!* M ' 






SUB-TREASURY AND STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 

FORMERLY CUSTOM HOUSE, COR. WALL AND NASSAU STREETS, THE OLD SITE OF FEDERAL HALL, WHERE WASHINGTON 
WAS INAUGURATED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 17S9. 



selves in Westmoreland County on the 
Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers as 
planters. John, who became colonel in 
the Virginia service, was the grandfather 
of Augustine, who married Mary Ball, the 
belle of the county, and became the parent 
of George Washington. The family home 
was on Bridge's Creek, near the banks of 
the Potomac. George, the eldest of six 
children by this the second marriage of his 
father, was born on the 22d of February, 
1732. 



mother of Washington." His rudiments of 
learning were derived from the village 
pedagogue, supplemented by the mother's 
precepts and excellent instructions from 
Sir Mathew Hale's ' ' Contemplations, Moral 
and Divine," written by one who attained 
a high station and who tells the secret of 
his worth and success. And this very vol- 
ume out of which Washington was taught 
is still preserved at Mt. Vernon. At thir- 
teen he penned " Rules of Behavior in Con- 
versation and Company," abounding in 



8 



WASHINGTON' CENTENNIAL. 



nomely practical wisdom, something after 
the style of Benj. Franklin. When still at 
school it dawned upon him that he must 
look tor some practical work, in the scant 
conditions of his fortunes, and an event oc- 
curred which, had Providence decreed its 
being carried out, might have changed the 
destiniesof hiscountry. His brother Law- 
rence had served a lew years with the West 
India licet of Admiral Vernon at the siege 
of Carthegena, and in honor of his com- 
mander had named the estate Mt. Vernon 
on the Potomac. He had given up niili- 



arithmetic, now at the age of sixteen, 
served him in procuring with William Fair- 
fax, Lawrence's father-in-law, a position as 
surveyor. For three years he pursued this 
vocation, when his brother Lawrence, 
whose health had failed, died at Mt. Ver- 
non, and his infant daughter also dying, 
the estate passed to George, who thus be- 
came owner of this memorable home. 

Rumors of French and Indian aggres- 
sions had already began to disturb the colo- 
ny, and preparations were making to resist 
a threatened attack. The colony having 




BOWLING GREEN AND BATTERY DURING THE REVOLUTION. 



t.ary life, and having married, settled down 
to the enjoyment of domestic life, and 
thinking well of militan service, procured 
a midshipman's warrant for liis brother 
George, but a mother's maternal instincts 
interfered at the last moment, and His 
Majesty's navy lost an excellent recruit, 
and his dominions half a continent, while 
the world gained a nation. 

On leaving school he went, to live with 
his brother Lawrence at Mt. Vernon. 
Washington's studies of trigonometry and 



been divided into military districts, for en- 
listment, Washington was given command 
of one, in 1T51, with the rank of major, at 
the age of nineteen — a mark of confidence, 
considering his youth, in his ability. In 
1 753 Governor Dinwiddie, standing in need 
of a resolute agent to carry a message to 
the French commander of the Ohio, remon- 
strating against the advancing occupation 
of the territory, tendered it to Washington. 
It was a hazardous and rough journey 
across a wilderness of mountain, stream 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



and wood, inhabited by unfriendly Indians, 
and it was a high compliment to Washing- 
ton that he was chosen for the duty. 
Leaving Williamsburg, with instructions^ 
on the las) day of October, he reached the 
borders of the settlement by the middle of 
November, and then, with his little party 
of eight, pursued hiswayto the forks of the 
Ohio, now Pittsburg, where subsequently 
Port Du Quesnewas built. After a con- 
ference with the Indians, he had a journey 
of one hundred ami twenty miles to reach 
the French commander near Lake Erie 



the French, and military preparations were 
kept up with spirit. A Virginia regiment 
ol three hundred men was raised for fron- 
tier service and Washington made its lieu- 
tenant colonel. Advancing with a portion 
of his force, he fell in with Summonvilie at 
the head of a party of French, and de- 
feate i] them with the loss of their com- 
mander, at Great Meadows. Being joined 
by his whole force and additional troops 
from South Carolina, he resolved, for the 
death of his superior officer placed the 
whole command on him, to attack Fort Du 




FRAUNCES - TAVERN. 



sTiu standing; cokner 

where, after delivering his dispatches on 
Dee. 11th, and receiving answers, he 
started on the return home, exposed to the 
hostile savages, the inclemencies of the 
weather and the frozen streams. Twice 
was his life in peril, once from the bullel of 
1111 Indian and again in crossing the Alle- 
gheny on a raft beset with floating ice. He 
reacln-d Williamsburg on January Kith 
11 ls Journal, included in his report, was 
reprinted in London. This confirmed the 
growing impression as to (.he designs of 



BROAD AND PKARL STREETS. 

Quesne, but learning oi the advance of a 
large force of French and Indians, fell hack 
on a stockade fort at Great Meadows, where 
he was besieged, and after inflicting serious 
'oss on his assailants, was forced to surren- 
der, which he did with the honors of war, 
and was allowed to return home, receiving 
the thanks of the legislature of Virginia. 

Washington now withdrew to Mi. Ver- 
""" I1 "' :| time, hut the arrival of General 
Braddock with his forces on the Potomac, 
called him into action at the summons of 



10 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



that officer, and ho became one of his staff. 
He joined that officer at Winchester, but 
being taken ill with a fever was obliged to 
remain with the rear guard. But sick as 
he was he reached the head of the army 
the day before the fatal engagement on 
that memorable 9th of July, 1755. He 
had been a prudent counsellor, and had 
advised his commander to use only pads 
horses for baggage, and by a forced march 
surprise Fort Du Quesne before it could be 
reinforced. Braddock, however, unable or 
unwilling to carry ont his advice, traveled 
as ageustomed, and even the last sugges- 
tion of Washington, to use the Virginia 
Rajngers as skirmishers, was not taken. 
The next day the march was taken up for 
the Fort, and all proceeded well until at 
two o'clock in the afternoon, as the little 
army was winding up a hill covered with 
a dense growth of trees, they were met by 
a hidden lire from two ravines on either 
Bide. Then was felt the want of Ameri- 
can experience in fighting the Indians. 
Braddock sent forward liis men in vain. 
They could not light a hidden foe. Wash- 
ington advised seeking protection from 
the trees, but no, the British regulars 
stood iii squads to be shot down, resulting 
in an ignominious defeat, braddock soon 
fell wounded and only survived the short 
retreat to Great Meadows, where in a few 
days he died and was buried. Washing- 
ton himself had two horses shot under 
him. and had his clothes riddled with 
balls, bul escaped without a scratch. He 
always attributed his escape to the pro- 
tecting care of a kind Providence. 

Three years after this disaster, in the 
spring of 1758, he was enabled to take the 
field with Virginia troops, joined to those 
of General Forbes, and after various dis- 
astrous movements, that might have re- 
peated the former experience, drove the 
French out of Fort Du Quesne, and closed 
the French dominions on the > Hiio. 

In the following January, Washington 
was married to Mrs. Martha Custis. of 



White House, New Kent County. This 
lady, born in the same year with him, at 
the age of twenty-seven, was in the full 
bloom of youthful womanhood. Her 
maiden name' was Dandridge and she was 
of Welsh extraction, but the prudence and 
gravity of her disposition eminently fitted 
her to be the wife of Washington. She 
was her husband's sole executrix, and 
managed the complicated affairs of his es- 
tates which he had left, involving the 
raising of the crops and sale of them in 
Europe, with ability. Her personal 
charms at this time were highly spoken 
of, the portrait of her painted at this time 
by Wolaston shows her to present a neat, 
animated figure, regular features, dark 
chestnut hair, and hazel eyes, in a dress 
which the whirligig of fashion has repro- 
duced in late years. The story of his 
courtship needs a brief mention. On his 
last campaign he was waylaid by a resi- 
dent on the York River, and pressed with 
true Virginia hospitality to dine. Intent 
on military duty he declined, but was 
forced to accept. At the table he met 
Mrs. Custis, and was so impressed with 
her charms that his stay was prolonged 
over night ; but mindful of the value of 
time, and probably with the recollection 
of what his timidity had cost him on a 
former occasion, when another beauty, a 
Miss Phillipse, had captivated liim, he 
pressed his suit then and there, and cor- 
responded with the lady during the cam- 
paign just opening, ending with a brilliant 
wedding at the lady's country sent in 
January, 1759. 

About this time he was elected a dele- 
gate to the House of Burgesses of Vir- 
ginia, where he continued to serve until 
his country's call at the breaking oui <>',' 
i he Revolution. It is narrated of him 
that while in his seat in this assembly, the 
Speaker by a vote of the House had been 
directed to return thanks to him for his 

eminent services, which he did in a sp ih 

of glowing eloquence. Washington rose 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



11 




FIRST TRINITY CHURCH. 

ERECTED 1696. REFITTED 1737. DESTROYED BY FIRE 1776. 

to express his thanks, but never voluble in 
public became embarassed and could utter 
not a word. 'Sit down, Mr. Washing- 
ton," was the courteous relief of the 
Speaker, "your modesty equals your 




valor, and that surpasses the power of any 
language I possess." Taking his wife 
from her estate i<> Ids home in Mt. Ver- 
non, he passed the time in quiet leisure, 
with the two children by her former mar- 
riage, a boy and girl, varied only by his 
duties as delegate to the House of Bur- 
gesses. In this quiet life he was happy, 
and wrote a correspondent in London, "I 
am now, I believe, fixed at this seat, with 
an agreeable partner for life, and I hope 
to find more happiness in retirement than 
I ever experienced amid the wide and 
bustling world." 

His biographers have fondly detailed, 




SECOND TRINITY CHUBCH 

ERECTED 1788. 



WASHINGTON S RESIDENCE. 

NO. 1 CHERRY STREET, FRANKLIN SQUARE, 1789 

from the numerous memoranda of his dia- 
ries and note-books, many a scrap of in- 
formation regarding his private life, and 
the humblest proceeding of his farm busi- 
ness and management of affairs. " Would 
any one believe," says lie in one record of 
1T68, "thai with one hundred and one 
eou> actually reported at a late enumera- 
tion of the cattle, I should still be obliged 
to buy butter for my family ?" Even 
items of personal apparel maybe gathered 
from the orders to his London correspond- 
ents, for ill I lie state of depend enee in which 

the mother country kept her colonies it was 
necessary to procure a coat or a pair of 
shoes from London. An order like this tor 
a coat for a man "six feet high and pro- 






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WASHINfiTON CENTENNIAL. 



13 



portionally made, if anything slender for a with this message ■■ Prom the oldest .« 

p^on o f t h t , or for a pairof nEui .j v: ,^ ; 

shoes to his friend Colonel Beiler, when he the world " 

availedhimselfofthatgentleznan'slast,^ Fifteen years of peaceful provincial life 

little wider over the mstep," seems very was thus passed at V Vernon, when h 

quaint to our style ol procuring the s- colonies began 1 ,„.!, /new a-ita 

sities of a gentleman's outfit, [t was the tions. Prance had for rly furnishccfthe 

amefor Mrs. Washington in the year of stirring then f opposition and es st- 

abby the Brussels ace, even the play- blood al the c, f British statesmen 

hings for little Miss Martha, <<a fashion Thai same parliament which had been so 

able dress doll, to cost a guinea," or one wonderfully revived when I • nies 




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CASTLE GARDEN- BATTERY. 

for rougher handling to cosl Ave shillings ; seconded the call of Earl Chatham was 

T^IZ'^n-u " { f UM&aterCuStis w "' '""- - 'nsup .tabic woZ 

eight years old, "neat pumps," "silver upon her defenders. The seeds of the 

;""" :i "; ' 1 ^«." ^rieties that Revolution were S in tTi struggl 

LrwJhin^ ""}«** J™**"?* withPn , for it was n the co oS 

ButWash g^, j ^ t0 decorate his home, became acqu. I with their own powers 

/•" l | " n "';.';, his amihar handwriting and the weal ss of British soldiers. N„ 

V ;i "' Alexandcr the Great, one of one better learned the less han Wash- 

•" l,l,s( r"-;" Charlea Xn-ofSwe. ington. fie was impartial there was no 

;;" u ; ",; '"■'■" n i "" Kin S of '•— ■ faction in hu sition. The traditions 

^ He afterwards received from the of his friends, family | the provinces 

greal Frederick ol Prussia, Inn portrail were all in favor of , ,,;,„,,. to the 



14 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



British Government. He was not a politi- 
cal agitator, or a fomentor of discontent. 
The interests of his large landed estates. 
and a revenue depending upon exports, 
bound him to the British nation. But 
there was one principle of his nature 
stronger in its influence than all these 
maternal ties — the love of justice ; and 
when Patrick Henry rose in the House of 
Burgesses to make his eloquent assertion 
of the rights of the colony in the matter 
of taxation, Washington was there in his 
seat to respond to the 1 sentiment, Wash- 
ington Irving says of this memorable 29th 
of May, 1705: " It is probable that on the 
present occasion his latent patriotism re- 
ceived its first electric shock." Be this as 
it may he took part in the first local Vir- 
ginia resolutions, and on the first meeting 
of Congress in Philadelphia attended that 
honored body with Patrick Henry and 
Edmund Pendleton. After the adjourn- 
ment of Congress he attended the conven- 
tion at Richmond, and when that body set 
on foot a popular military organization, 
Washington was on the committee to re- 
port a plan. 

'flu' second Continental Congress, of 
which he was also a member, met at Phil- 
adelphia in .May, 177.">, its members gath- 
ering to deliberate with the echoes of the 
musketry at Lexington ringing in their 
ears. The blasts of war had gathered a 
little provincial army around Boston, and 
a national organization, with a Command- 
er-in-chief, was now a. i essity, and al- 
though the' selection was not free from local 
jealousies, the superior merit of Washing- 
ton was recognized and he was unanimously 
elected on the 15th of June, by ballot, to 
the high position. He felt, himself un- 
equal to the task imposed on him, and 
begged the gentlemen of the house to re- 
member that he thoughl himself, "with 
the utmosl sincerity, unequal to the com- 
mand he was honored with." 

He proceeded to Cambridge and took 
command of tin; ann\ mi the 3d of July. 



Bunker Hill had been fought, establishing 
the valor of the militia, but with the good 
material of the men there was an absolute 
want of powder. Still, with these inade- 
quate means Boston was beleaguered. Dor- 
chester Heights fortified, and preparations 
made to assail the town. The British, hin- 
dered by a storm from a counter assault on 
the American lines, evacuated the city on 
the lTth of March, 1770, and sailed away 
to Halifax. The next day Washington en- 
tered Boston in triumph. For this Con- 
gress voted him a gold medal bearing the 
head of Washington, and on the reverse the 
legend Hostibus primo fugatis. 

New York was evidently to be the next 
object of attack, and here Washington 
gathered his forces and prepared for de- 
fense. The Declaration of Independence 
was received in camp in July. General 
Howe, joined by his brother, Admiral 
Howe, made their appearance in the lower 
bay, bearing ineffectual propositions for 
reconciliation. Washington, however, who 
was aware of their nature, replied that they 
were but pardons, and the Americans, who 
had committed no otfense, but stood only on 
their rights, were in no need of them. Ad- 
ditional reinforcements arriving from Eng- 
land, the British landed on Long Island 
with a well-equipped army. Washington 
made diligent preparations, and the forti- 
fications on Long Island were planned by 
General Greene. But Greene falling ill. the 
command fell on General Putnam. The 
passes through the hills being neglected, 
though Washington had given particular 
instructions to defend them, the British 
passed through, and falling on the Ameri- 
cans from opposite sides. defeated them with 
great slaughter, taking many prisoners, 
including Lord Sterling and General Sulli- 
van. The works in Brooklyn were still 
defensive from laud, but being exposed to 
the fire of the fleet were untenable. Wash- 
ington received more glory from his mem- 
orable retreat than General Clinton from 
his victory. For on the 29th of August,, 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



15 




loss at Fort Washington, and the retreat 
through the Jerseys. The days looked 
dark. It was a time that "tried men's 
souls." Washington was hampered by 
the short enlistment of the men, and the 
poverty of their equipment. But with a 
phantom of an army he marched and 
countermarched between the Hudson and 
the Chesapeake, so perplexing the experi- 
enced Generals of the enemy as to baffle 
all their plans. Lord Howe had laid plans 
for capturing Philadelphia, and had ap- 
parently hemmed Washington in, when in 
very despair he crossed the Delaware on 






% 




ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, 

BROADWAY, FULTON AND VESEV STREETS. ERECTED 1766. 



two days after the battle, the American 
army of nine thousand men, with horses, 
artillery and baggage, were safely trans- 
ferred to New York at night, under cover 
of the fog. Washington was among the 
last to cross. 

After this followed the retreat to West- 
chester, the affair at White Plains, the 



Christinas Eve, and amid the floating cakes 

of ice, and a storm of snow and hail, 
readied the outposts at Trenton. Lieu- 
tenant Monroe, afterwards our President, 
was wounded in the onset, but being at- 
tacked from another quarter, the Hes- 
sians, losing their commander, General 
Rahlj surrendered, a thousand prisoners 



16 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



laying down their arms. General Howe 
in astonishment sent Cornwallis in pursuit 
and lie had his game seemingly secure, 
with Washington on the same side of the 
Delaware. But the Americans, by a bold 
diversion at night, attacked his force left 
at Princeton with success, though il cost 
the lite of the gallant Mercer, and then 
took up position at Morristown. Here he 
watched the British, hut did not know 
definitely their aim until their fleet ap- 
peared in Delaware Bay. Visiting Phila- 
delphia to make preparations tor defence, 
and to confer with Congress, lie there 
found the young .Marquis de Lafayette, 
who had just ottered his sword and him- 
self as a volunteer in the cause of Liberty. 
The friendship there formed between 
Washington and Lafayette continued 
through life, and to this day we can 
hardly think of one without the other 
being recalled to memory. 

The summer passed away while Lord 
Howe was slowly making his way up the 
Chesapeake to the Head of Elk to gain ac- 
cess to Philadelphia through Maryland, 
and the American army advanced to meet 
him. The British forces numbered about 
IS, lino men ; Washington could muster 
two-thirds the number. On the east bank 
of the Brandywine, at Chads Ford, Wash- 
ington made his stand, but while the Brit- 
ish feinted, as if to cross in force, Corn- 
wallis crossed farther up the river, and 
turned the American position. A rout en- 
sued, and utter defeat was only saved by the 
linn stand made by General Greene, who 
occupied an advantageous position. La- 
fayette was severely wounded in the leg. 
Washington was not dismayed by the dis- 
aster, but kept the field, though, as he in- 
formed Congress, lie had one thousand 
men barefoot. He could make noefl'ectual 
resistance to the occupation of Philadel- 
phia, but as the enemy had posted a de- 
tachment at Germantown, Washington 
planned a surprise. It was well arranged 
and at the outset successful, but owing to 



confusion in a dense fog and loss of time in 
attacking a stone dwelling at the entrance 
of the village, what would have been a 
victory turned to partial defeat. The ac- 
tion revived the hopes of the country in 
proving that the spirit, resolution and valor 
of the troops had not diminished, nor the 
energy and confidence of their commander. 
The Count de Vergennes, French Minister, 
on hearing of it remarked "that nothing 
struck him so much as General Washing- 
ton's attacking and giving battle to Gen- 
eral Howe's army; that to bring an army 
raised within a year to this promised 
everything.'' 

This closed the campaign of 1777 in 
Pennsylvania. While Burgoyne was lay- 
ing down his arms to General Gates at Sar- 
atoga, it was Washington's lot to endure 
all the difficult ies of the service while Gates 
reaped the rewards of victory, but the 
commander-in-chief had his share in the 
counsels that led to that brilliant event, and 
to him, as the directing head of the army, 
belongs his full share of the glories of Sara- 
toga. Yet the friends of the vainglorious 
Gates made his success an occasion for as- 
saults on the character of Washington i» 
efforts to supersede him with Gates. But 
the virtue of the country and the incor- 
ruptibility of his friends saved the nation 
from a base conspiracy. 

But what pen can adequately describe 
Washington at Valley Forge ! In the se- 
ven.' winter following these scenes the en- 
campment was a synonym for suffering. 
With soldiers half clad, wanting even the 
necessities of life, without shoes or blan- 
kets, and sheltered by mere huts, they 
passed the winter in snow and ice. But 
Washington was there, and his ••lady," as 
the soldiers always called her, came from 
her Mt. Vernon home to lighten the pre- 
vailing despondency, sharing her husband's 
humble provisions of the camp, occupying 
herself with her needle in preparing gar- 
ments for the naked. Washington busied 
himself with a committee of Congress in 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



17 



putting the army on a better foundation. 

With the return of summer the British 

evacuated Philadelphia and pursued their 

route across New Jersey. Washington, 
who was watching their movements, pre- 
pared to follow and sent Lafayette forward, 
bul Charles Lee claimed the honor and ii 
was given him, while Washington moved 
with the reserves towards the enemy's po- 
sition at Monmouth Court House. What 
was his surprise to meet Lee on the retreat, 
and endangering the whole movement. 
He demanded of him, with indignation, the 
cause, and receiving an angryreply, on the 



watching the British in New York. The 

winter was passed at Middlebrook, in New 
Jersey. There were two important events 

the following season, one of which was the 

attack and capture ot'Stonj Point on the 
Hudson, one of the defences of the High- 
lands, captured by Clinton, and strongly 
manned. The attack led by Wayne, on the 
night of duly 15, was planned by Washing- 
ton, and his instructions faithfully carried 
out. Henry Lee's attack on Paulus Hook- 
also went to cheer the encampment. The 
winter was passed at Morristown, where the 
sufferings of Valley Forge were even ex- 




PIEK No. 1, FROM THE BATTERY. 



authority of Lafayette the commander 
called him "a damned poltroon." Then 
was the genius of Washington manifested. 
Making new dispositions, and seconded by 
the bravery of his men and officers, even 
Lee redeeming himself by his valor, so that 
at the dose of that hot and weary day, 
having added new lustre to American arms, 
he encamped on the Held. Clinton with- 
drew to New York. 

The remainder of the season was passed 
by Washington on the eastern borders of 
the Hudson, in readiness to co-operate 
with D'Estange, who had arrived with a 
French force to assist the colonies and in 



'' led - The main incidents of the war 

were now transferred to tiie south. 

The year 1780 witnessed the treason of 
Arnold and the execution of Major Andre. 
This unhappy event showed Washington's 
character in a new light, for he permitted 
neither hate nor sympathy to divert him 
from the path of duty. 

The movement of Washington to Virginia 
was determined by the expected arrival of 
the French fleet from the West Indies. 
The British in NewYorkwere awaiting an 
attack, while the American army was on 
the inarch south. Cornwallis, unsuspect- 
ing of danger, had occupied and intrenched 



18 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



at Yorktown, and Washington, with a 
rapid movement, had him invested before 
lie had time to extricate himself, for De 
Grasse, in command of the French fleet, 
had blockaded the British ships in the har- 
bor, while the American and French troops, 
under Washington and Count de Rocham- 
lieau, had the place completely invested on 
the 1st of October. The first parallel was 
opened on the 6th. Washington himself 
lighted the first gun on the 9th. On the 
night ofthe 14th two redoubts were carried 
by French and American storming parties. 
Hamilton, who led the latter, captured one 
with the bayonet without firing a shot. 
Cornwallis tried to escape across the river, 
but receiving nn v. lln from Clinton, laid 
down Ins arms on the 19th. This was the 
crowning act of the war, and proved the 
genius of Washington. 

The receipt of a letter in 1782 from a 
Colonel Nicola, who had the esteem ofthe 
army, proposing a government with a king 
at its head, gave him an opportunity to 
show he had no personal ambition. 

The news of peace arrived in the spring 
of 1783, and the army prepared to sepa- 
rate. His final address to the army was 
issued from headquarters, at Newbnrgh, 
the beginning of November, and on the 
25th he entered New York City as the 
British evacuated it. On the 4th of De- 
cember he was escorted to the harbor on 
his way to Annapolis to resign his com- 
mand, after a touching farewell to his offi- 
cers al Fraunces' Tavern, corner Broad and 
Pearl streets, and the .urea t chieftain did 
not disdain to drop a tear or press a kiss 
on the cheek of his friends. On his way he 
delivered to the proper officer at Philadel- 
phia the account of his expenses during his 
sen ices, neatly written out, and on the 23d 
restored his commission to Congress in a 
few remarks of great felicity, in which he 
commended " the interests of our dearest 
country to the protection of Almighty God, 
and those who have the superintendence of 
them to His holy keeping." 



Retiring to Mt. Vernon, which he reached 
the day before Christmas, where he hoped 
to spend the remainder of his days in 
peace. But his country had further need 
of him. At the treaty of peace he was 
fifty -one and had passed through two mem- 
orable wars — the war with France and the 
war with Great Britain, a double relief 
from foreign bondage and the establish- 
ment of political independence. 

The new nation, like a youth freed from 
restraint, entered upon its career. The 
diverse interests of the new States soon 
proved to be in need of a central authority, 
and a better constitution, and it was the 
formation of this instrument by the conven- 
tion over which Washington presided in 
1787 that gave a stable government to the 
States and made us truly a nation. 

The Philadelphia convention closed its 
labors on the 17th of September, 1787, 
after which the members adjourned to the 
city tavern, dined together, and took a 
cordial leave of each other. 

The convention provided for submitting 
the new constitution to the States for ap- 
proval, and though some of the States 
seemed dilatory in their action, it was for- 
mally ratified in a few months by a major- 
ity of them, the rest following within a 
year. The constitution providing for the 
choosing of electors. Congress passed an 
act designating the first Wednesday in 
January, 1789, for the election, and the 
first Wednesday in February for the elec- 
tors to make their choice of a man. The 
meeting of the government was to be in 
New York on the first Wednesday in March. 

No other man was talked about for the 
Presidency but George Washington, and 
long before an official announcement could 
be made it was known that he was to be 
the first President of the United States. 
He accepted the trust with evident reluc- 
tance, as it took him away from the rural 
delights of Mt. Vernon, where for five years 
he had lived the life of a country gentle- 
man. Washington at this time was fifty- 



WASH INCH IN CENTENNIAL. 



1!> 



seven years old, and a fine specimen of Senate was ready for business. Wliat a 
physical manhood. galaxy of eminent men were gathered to- 
The slow mode of travel in those days getherl In the Senate were John Lang- 
caused a delay in the gathering of the rep- dun, Olivia- Ellsworth, Richard Henry Lee, 
resentatives in New York, and it, was not Charles Carroll and Ralph Izzard, while in 
until the 30th of March the House was able the House were Eldridge Gerry, Roger 
to organize, and in the following week the Sherman. Jeremiah Wadsworth, Elias Bou- 




/■ j pgffl 'V' ' , ■ K ■-< . VS ;?,-i' ^ 'j. > % J 

t3?fflitfKi,i.iim«Mi.ii ii ■ in.,; i.'jhi'i'.jinmtmin/jFfTi." 



LAFAYETTE STATUE, UNION SQUARE. 

ERECTED 1876 



20 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



dinot, Frederick A. Muhlenberg, .lames 
Madison and Fisher Ames. 

The Continental Congress had been set- 
ting in the old City Hall on Wall street, 
where now stands the V. S. Sub-Treasury. 
The building was nearly one hundred 
yearsold in 1789. In it had been held the 
ses-ious of the Provincial Assembly, the 
Admiralty Court, Supreme Court and May- 
or's Court. It contained, also, the city 
prison. It was the centre of all the city's 
public business, and contained the public 
library, which furnished a lounging place 
for the literati of that day. A contribu- 
tion of $32,000 by a lew wealthy citizens 
hail made it quite an imposing structure, 
and being named Federal Hall, ii was 
placed at the disposal of Congress. The 
Senate Chamber was a room forty feet 
long, t hilly wide and twenty high, with an 
arched ceiling. It was decorated with 
delicate pilasters having capitals, designed 
by Major L'Enfant, composed of foliage, in 
the midst of which appeared radiantstars. 
The ceiling was of light blue color, and the 
President's chair, being elevated about 
three feet above the floor, was covered by 
a rich canopy of crimson damask. The 
room in which the representatives met was 
slightly octagon in shape, was sixty-one 
feet long, fifty-eight feet wide and thirty- 
six feet high, witli niches for statues, 
windows sixteen feel from the floor, between 
Ionic columns and pilasters. The chairs 
and curtains were of light blue damask, 
the ceiling of the same color, with a sun 
and thirteen stars in the centre. It had 
two galleries for friends of the members. 

The first, business of Congress was count- 
ing the electoral votes. Washington re- 
ceived sixty-nine — the whole number — for 
President, while John Adams, for Vice- 
President, hail a bare majority. John 
Thompson, who had been perpetual secre- 
tary in the Continental Congress, was ap- 
pointed to inform Washington of his elec- 
tion, and Sylvanus Bourne was appointed 
to convey to Mr. Adams information of his 



election as Vice-President. The messen- 
gers started next day, the former for Vir- 
ginia and the latter for Massachusetts. 
On April 15th the two houses appointed a 
committee to make preparations for the re- 
ception of the President and Vice-President 
in New York. 

Here appears one of the most beautiful 
characteristics of Washington — filial atlec- 
tion. He could not leave, even for the- 
new and important duties he had been 
called upon to perform, without visiting 
Fredericksburg and take a parting farewell 
of his mother. Coming into her presence, 
he said: 

''The people, madam, have been pleased, 
with the most flattering unanimity, to elect 
me to the Chief Magistracy of the United 
States, but before I can assume the func- 
tions of that office, I have come to bid you 
an affectionate farewell. So soon as the 
public business which must necessarily be 
encountered in arranging a new govern- 
ment can be disposed of, I shall hasten to 
Virginia and " The proud but sorrow- 
ing lady here interrupted her son: 

" You will see me no more, " she said. 
"My great age warns me that I shall not 
be longin this world. I trust in God I am 
somewhat prepared for a better. But go, 
George ; fulMl the high destinies which 
Heaven appears to assign you. Go, my 
son, and may that Heaven's and your 
mother's blessing be with you always." 

Washington bowed his face to his moth- 
er's shoulder, placed her arm about his 
neck, and the two stood there for a time 
weeping together. 

On April 1(5, 1789, Washington set out on 
his beautiful journey to New York. In his 
diary he writes: 

"About 10 o'clock I bade adieu to Mt. 
Vernon, to private life, to domestic felicity, 
and with a mind oppressed with more 
anxious and painful sensations than I have 
words to express, set out for New York 
with Mr. Thompson and Colonel Hum- 
phreys, with the best disposition to ren- 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



21 



ilcr service to my country in obedience to 
its call, hut with less hope of answering its 
expectations." 

Washington left Mt. Vernon on Thurs- 
day, April 16, on his journey of eight days 
to New York, there to take the oath of 
office. The time consumed was none too 

long to give the people of the towns through 
which he passed an opportunity to see him 
and express their admiration and grati- 
tude for his noble qualities— qualities that 
had served them in the midst of perils— 
and whom they were now about to see re- 
warded by elevation toan office that, while 
bringing much care and responsibility 



On the morning of the 20th he was met 
at the Pennsylvania and Delaware State 
line by a troop of horsemen, headed by 
Thomas Miflin, President of the State of 
Pennsylvania, and Richard Peters, Speaker 
of the Legislature. After giving him the- 
proper military salutes, he was escorted 
into Chester, where the parly break fa sled. 
After resting for two hours the journey was 
resumed, when Washington, finding that 
he could not escape the parade, sent his car- 
riage to the rear and mounted on an ele- 
gant horse, and, accompanied by a large 
delegation of Philadelphia citizens, pro- 
'' led to Gray's Bridge on the Schuylkill.. 




X>:w YORK HARBOR FROM CASTLE GARDEN. 



would honor the country fully as much as 
the recipient. The demonstrations com- 
menced on his reaching Baltimore, accom- 
l 1 ' 1 ""'' 1 by Charles Thompson, the messen- 
ger sent, by Congress to notify him of his 
election, and Colonel Humphreys, who had 

1 n his aid-de-camp during the war. It 

was on the afternoon of the Itth the town 
was reached, and as it was too late for a 
P ublic dinner, a supper was given him 
Helen tow,, at 5.30 o'clock, accompanied 
by a large body of citizens on horseback 
but when *vv,m miles had been passed 
Washington took leave of them in an affec- 
tionate manner. 



The brid S e had 1 n decorated with ever 

greens, at each end was a large triumphal 
arch, in imitation of the ancient Roman 
and as Washington passed over it under 
the arches, a lad, decorated with sprigs of 
laurel > l "> down upon his uncovered head a 
civic crown of laurel. Thus the great man 
passed through a line of 20, 000 people who 
lined the highway between the bridge and 
the city. "Not all the pomp of majesty, nol 
even imperial dignity itself, surrounded 
with its usual splendors, could equal this in- 
teresting scene, ''says a writer at the time. 
The next day, Tuesday, 21st, Washing- 
ton left Philadelphia, and in the afternoon 



22 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



reached Trenton, near the historic spot 
where the Hessians were captured twelve 
years before, and over a road strewn with 
roses and full of historic memories, under a 
triumphal arch, over the Assumpink Bridge, 
the bridge he had retreated over after the 
battle of Princeton. A motto over the 
arch was inscribed, "The Defender of the 
Mothers will lie I he Protector of the Daugh. 
ters." Over the arch were the datesof his 
battles. Under the arch and on either 
side were mothers with their daughters 
dressed in purest white, and as the hero 
passed thirteen young girls, with garlands 
in their hairand baskets of flowers in their 
hands, sang an ode written lor the occa- 
sion and strewed flowers in his path. 

On reaching Elizabeth Point he was met 
by a committee appointed by Congress. 
This was on the morning of the 23d of 
April. A splendid barge, manned by thir- 
teen master pilots, had been prepared for 
Washington and his party, and, accompa- 
nied by two other barges, soon crossed 
Newark Bay and approached New York. 
The bay was thronged with every manner 
of craft, decked in holiday costume, while 
a vast pageant of boats followed the presi- 
dential barge, and tin' air was full of sing- 
ing ami music of bands. Every ship ex- 
cept tin 1 Spanish man-of-war Galveston was 
gay with tings and banners, the nakedness 
of which caused much comment, when, as 
Washington's barge was passing, at a sig- 
nal, every Hag known to the world was 
flung lo the breeze, while the halyards were 
manned by sailors. With the roaring of 
guns and fierce huzzas, the presidential 
party landed at the ferry stairs at, the foot 
of Wall street, and, Washington, sur- 
rounded by many of his old comrades, was 
escorted to No. 3 Cherrj street. The pro- 
cession moved in the following order: 

Colonel Morgan Lewis, accompanied by Majors 

Morton ami Van Home. 

Troop of Dragoons, Captain Stakes. 

German Grenadiers, Captain Scriba. 

Band of Music. 



Infantry of the Brigade, Captains Swartout and 

Stediford. 

Grenadiers, Captain Harsin. 

Regiment of Artillery, Captain Baurnan. 

Band of Music. 

General Malcolm and Aid. 

Officers of the Militia, two and two. 

Committee of Congress. 
The President; Governor Clinton. 

President's Suite. 
Mayor and Aldermen of New York. 
The Reverend Clergy. 
Their Excellencies the French and Spanish Em- 
bassadors, in Carriages. 

A vast concourse of people followed the 
procession, while the streets were lined by 
a multitude of sightseers. Every house 
along the route was decorated with ban- 
ners and Hags, while the windows of every 
story were filled with lair women and brave 
men, and besides the waving of handker- 
chiefs, the air was full of flowers that fell 
like snowflakes upon his path. On reach- 
ing the house a reception was held, at 
which the officers and citizens called to 
pay their respects to him, after which Gov- 
ernor Clinton entertained him and his suite 
at dinner. The day ended with a, display 
of fireworks. 

John Adams had reached New York two 
days before, and had quietly taken the oath 
of office as Vice-President and assumed his 
seat as presiding officer of tin 1 Senate. In 
his opening address he said: "Where, in 
looking over the catalogue of the first 
magistrates of nations, whether called 
presidents, consuls, kings or princes, shall 
we find one whose commanding talents and 
virtues and overruling good fortune have 
so completely united all hearts and voices in 
his favor — engaging the esteem and admi- 
ration of foreign nations and fellow-citizens 
with equal unanimity? * * Provi- 

dence has indeed marked out the head of 
this nation with a hand so distinctly visible 
as to have been seen by all men and mis- 
taken by none." 

Richmond Hill House became the home 
of the Vice-President, from which Mrs. 
Adams wrote: "In natural beauty it might 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



23 



vie with the most delicious spot I ever saw. beautifully variegated with grain and 

It, is a mileaud a half from New York, grass, toagreat extent like Houston and 

The house stands upon an eminence; at an Devonshire. \'\ my left the city opens 

agreeable distance Hows the noble Hud- to view, intercepted here and there by a 

son. * * * * Upon my right Land rising ground and an ancienl oak. In 




STATUE OF LIBERTY, NEW YORK HARBOR 

ERECTED 1S86. 



24 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



front, beyond the Hudson, the Joursey 
shores present the exuberance of a rich, 
well-cultivated soil." 

Such is the fairy picture <>l'a spot in the 
city in the spring of 1780, now marked by 
the intersection of Charlton and Varick 
streets. What a transformation! 

New York City had at this time about 
30,00(1 inhabitants, it being included al- 
most in a line drawn across the island 
through Chambers street, although some of 
the streets on the East River were par- 
tially occupied on farther up towards 
Grand street. 

Six days elapsed between Washington's 
arrival and his inauguration, and were de- 
voted to preparations for the imposing 
ceremonial. The city opened its doors in 
hospitality to guests from all parts of the 
Union. Tie crush was bewildering. Every 
public house was filled and private man- 
sions overflowed. New York had never 
before housed and sheltered such a multi- 
tude. Everybody struggled for a glimpse 
of Washington. The aged declared them- 
selves ready to die if they could once be- 
hold his face, while the young described 
him as looking more grand and noble than 
any human being they had ever seen. 

A national salute ushered in the morning 
of April 30. At o'clock the bells pealed 
from every steeple in the city, then paused, 
and presently, in slow, measured tones, 
summoned the people to the churches 
"to implore the blessing of Heaven on 
the nation and its chosen President — so 
universal was a religious sense of tin' im- 
portance of the occasion." 

A i tin- close of these services the military 
began the march from their respective 
quarters, and at noon were formed in 
Cherry street, opposite the presidential 
mansion, under tin' immediate direction of 
Colonel Morgan Lewis. The joint commit- 
tee of arrangements appointed by Con- 
gress was as follows: From the Senate 
Ralph Izard, Tristam Dalton and Richard 



Henry Lee. From the House — Egbert 
Benson, Charles Carroll and Fisher Ames. 
The procession moved in the following 
order: 

The Military, 

The Sheriff el' the City and County of New York. 

The Committee of the Senate. 

The President-elect. 

The Committee of the House of Representatives. 

Chancellor Eobert It. Livingston, Secretary 

John Jay, Secretary Henry Knox. 

The Commissioners of the Treasury. 

Distinguished Citizens. 

They marched through Pearl and Broad 
streets to Wall. When in front of Federal 
Hall the troops formed in line upon each 
side of the way, through which Washing- 
ton, having alighted from his chariot, 
walked in the midst of his illustrious at- 
tendants to the building and ascended to 
the Senate chamber, where Congress had 
just assembled. lie was received at the 
door by the Vice-President and conducted 
to the chair of state. After formally in- 
troducing Washington to the august body, 
Adams addressed him with stately cere- 
mony: 

"Sir, the Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives of the United States are ready 
to attend you to take the oath required by 
the constitution, which will be adminis- 
tered by the Chancellor of the State of New 
York." 

"I am ready to proceed," was the grave 
reply. 

The Vice-President then conducted 
Washington to the balcony, accompanied 
by the Senators and other gentlemen of dis- 
tinction. Broad and Wall streets were 
filled with a. sea of upturned faces — the 
windows and housetops crowded with 
gaily dressed ladies, but a silence reigned 
as profound as if every living form which 
composed the vast assemblage was a statue 
carved in stone. Washington's line figure 
appeared in the centre of the group of 
statesmen between the two pillars, hishead 
uncovered and his powdered locks gathered 
and tied in the prevailing fashion of the 



WASH I NUTI i\ CENTENNIAL. 



25 



day. Opposite liim stood the Chancellor 
in his robes, ready to administer the oath 
of office, and between them the Secretary 
of the Senate held an open bible upon a 
rich crimson cushion, upon which Wash- 
ington rested his hand. 

The Chancellor pronounced slowly and 
distinctly the words of the oath. The 
bible was raised, and as the President 
bowed to kiss the sacred volume he said 



A Hag was instantly run up on the cu- 
pola of Federal Hall, Silence was at an 
end. The hells of the city rang out. a tri- 
umphant peal, while shouts and huzzas of 
the waiting multitude echoed and re-echoed 
through the street-, and answered by can- 
non from every direction upon both land 
and water, until it seemed the city would 
lie jarred from its very foundations. 

Washington selected his cabinet, which 







ARMORY SEVENTH REGIMENT NATIONAL (iUAKDS, S. N. Y. 

1,1,1 ' I »■■" > S 7') I"" II" 1M' I EXINGTON IV1 I !■ , i i I n iND C7TH STREET! 



audibly, "I swear," adding with fervor, 
his eyes closed that his whole soul might 
be absorbed in the supplication, "so help 
me God." 

"It is done," said the Chancellor; then 
turning to the multitude, he waved his 
hand, crying with a loud voice: 

"Long, live George Washington, the 
President of the United States." 



was composed as follows: Thomas Jeffer- 
son, Secretary of State; Alexander Hamil- 
ton. Secretary of the Treasury; John Knox, 
Secretary of War: Samuel Osgood, Post- 
master General; Edmund Randolph, At- 
torney General. 

Mrs. Washington, who left Mt. Vernon 
on the 19th of April, three days after her 
husband, to join him in New York, rode in 



26 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



her private carriage, accompanied by her 
grandchildren, Eleanor Custis and George 
Washington Park Custis, and attended by 
a small escorton horseback. Her journey, 
like her husband's, was a continued ova- 
tion. All the cities and large towns sent 
cavalcades of cavalry and citizens to meet 
her, processions denied on either side of 
the way to allow her carriage to pass, 
cheers and acclamations greeted her ap- 
proach, and the old and young, rich and 
poor, alike did her honor. Seven miles 
!'i( mi Philadelphia she was met by a bril- 
liant company of ladies and gentlemen in 
carriages, and so conducted into the 
Quaker City with distinguished ceremonies, 
where she became the guest of Mrs. Rob- 
ert Morris. Leaving the following Mon- 
day, accompanied by .Mrs. .Morris, for New- 
York, they tarried at Trenton over night, 
and the next day journeyed as far as Lib- 
erty Hall, in Elizabeth, the home of Gov- 
ernor Livingston. The next morning, at 
5 o'clock, President Washington entered 
his elegant barge, accompanied by John 
Jay, Robert Morris and ol her distinguished 
men, crossed the bay and reached Liberty 
Hall in time to breakfast with Mrs. Wash- 
ington. When the presidential party re- 
turned to the city, the reception of Wash- 
ington was repeated. The bay was alive 
with all kinds of craft, while the landing 
was made amid the huzzas of a throng of 
people. 

Such is a record of the honors paid our 
first President, George Washington, and 
his estimable lady upon entering upon the 
new duties as Chief Magistrate of a nation 
of freemen. Upon looking back upon this 
event, so fraught with weal or woe to the 
young government, who shall say the choice 
of Washington was not guided by an al- 
mighty hand, for the turbulence of party 
spirit ran high during his administration, 
and no other hand could have guided tin' 
ship of state I hrough to a successful demon, 
st rat ion of the ability of the people for self- 
government. 



The perils that surrounded the new gov- 
ernment were those connected with the 
finances, and had it not been for the for- 
bearance of Washington, aided by the 
genius of Hamilton, Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, and Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of 
State, a. secession of the northern States 
would have occurred. Hamilton, on the 
2d of July, 1790, presented to the Presi- 
dent a report of the condition of the treas- 
ury, with a scheme for maintaining the 
public credit. On January 8th Washing- 
ton appeared before Congress in joint ses- 
sion to submit his message in person. The 
formalities attending it deserve a brief no- 
tice. It was the beginning of the second 
session of the first Congress. Washington 
drove in a coach drawn by four horses, pre- 
ceded by Colonel Humphreys and Major 
Jackson in uniform on his two white horses, 
and followed by Messrs. Lear and Nelson 
in his chariot. In the rear followed the 
Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of 
War in carriages. At the outer door of 
the hall he was met by the door-keepers of 
the Senate and House and conducted to the 
door of the Senate chamber, passing from 
thence to the chair between the members 
of the Senate on the right and the House 
on the left. His attendants followed and 
took their stand behind the Senators; the 
wholerising as heentered. On their being 
seated he delivered his message. On con- 
cluding, he handed a copy to the President 
of the Senate and another to the Speaker of 
the House, after which, being seated for a 
fewminutes, he retired, the members rising 
as before, and with a bow to each assem- 
bly, he returned to his house, attended as 
before. 

On January 14th, between 11 and 12 
o'clock, Washington received at his house 
the two houses of Congress, who presented 
answers to his address, the address of the 
Senate being presented by the Vice-Presi- 
dent , and that of the House by the Speaker.. 
On the same day Hamilton appeared be- 
fore Congress with his proposition of fund- 



WASHINGTON CENTENN I A L. 



2T 



ing the public debt. As to the foreign 
debt, his arguments, presented in a clear, 
forcible manner, carried greal weight, but 
as he touched on the domestic debt, a storm 
of object ions an ise. He fearlessly declared 
he could see no difference between the cred- 
itors of the Union and those of the State. 
It was this assumption of the State debts, 
which were unequal in amount, that cre- 
ated all the antagonism, because much of 
the paper issued had passed out from orig- 



until the buildings for the accommodation 
of Congress were ready at Washington. 

Washington's farewell to New York was 
extremely touching. He wished to avoid 
all ceremony, but as the hour of his de- 
parture approached, on August 30th, Broad- 
way filled with people, and Governor Clin- 
ton, Lieutenant Governor Van Cortlandt, 
with the principal officers of the State, 
Mayor Yarick and the corporation of tin; 
city, accompanied by the clergy, Societyof 




EIGHTH REGIMENT ARMORY, N. G. S. N. V. 

1889. FOURTH AVENUE, 94TH AND 95TH STREETS. 



inal holders and been bought at a depreci- 
ated value by people who had no claim to be 
remunerated for losses to previous holders. 
Here a compact was entered in by Hamil- 
ton ami Jefferson by which a vote was se- 
cured for the Assumption Bill and the seat 
of government removed to the Potomac. 

On the 12th of August Congress ad- 
journed to meet in Philadelphia in Decem- 
ber, where the government was established 



the Cincinnati and other distinguished citi- 
zens, appeared to do final honors. The 
President left his home at 10.30 and was 
escorted to the beautiful barge in which he 
had entered New York the year before. 
The crowd food in tearful silence, while 
la', standing on the wharf, expressed in a 
I'rw words his feelings for the courtesy ami 
kindness of the citizens towards him during 
his residence among them. The instant he 



28 



WASHINCTOX CENTENNIAL. 



stepped into the barge thirteen guns thun- 
dered from the battery. Standing upright 
in the boat as it shoved oft", he waved his 
hat with the single word, " Farewell," fol- 
lowed by the prolonged shout of the multi- 
tude, that drowned even the echo of the 
guns. 

Washington was fifty-eight years of age 
at this time, stood six feet, three inches in 
his slippers, well proportioned, evenly de- 
veloped and straight as an arrow. He had 
long, muscular arms and large hands. His 
wonderful figure, while kingly and grand, 
only served to show a character kindly, 
sweet, true and firm. Methodical in all 
his ways, never making a promise hut 
to keep it, even in the most trivial 
things, he was exacting from others the 
same strict adherence to their word given 
to him. 

Elected for the second time to the presi- 
dency, Washington passed the four years 
of his term amid the acrimonious quarrels 
of the two parties over the Jay treaty with 
England and our duty to oar old ally, 
France, which was then in the- throes of 
revolution. The excesses of the Jacobins 
in France found no sympathiser in Wash- 
ington, but with the adoption of the treaty 
and recall of Genet, French Minister, 
with returning prosperity to the business 
of the country, public discussion was 
quieted. 

As the time approached for the close of 
his term, he issued his celebrated farewell 
address, the sentiments of which have been 
■the guiding principle of our government to 
this day, and has preserved us from all 
"entangling alliances" with foreign gov- 
ernments. Retiring to Mt. Vernon, he en- 
tered anew into those scenes of rural life 
and quiet, so agreeable to his nature. A 
gentleman who was in Alexandria in the 
spring of 1 799, thus describes Washington's 
last vote: 

'•The court house of Fairfax County was 
over the market house, and the entrance to 
it was up a fiighl of rickety stairs. 1 was 



standing immediately opposite, in front of 
Gadsby's tavern, when the father of his 
country drove up. The street and court, 
yard were full, and I saw eight or ten good- 
looking men spring forward to support the 
stairs as he approached, lest they should 
fall in the General's ascent. I was imme- 
diately at his back and so entered the 
room. There were five or six candidates 
sitting on the bench, and as the General 
approached they arose in a body and bowed 
smilingly; and the salutation having been 
returned very gracefully, the General cast 
his eyes towards the registry of the polls, 
when the clerk said: '-Well, General, how- 
do you vote?" Looking at the candi- 
dates, he said: ''Gentlemen, I vote for 
measures, not men," and turning to the 
recording table audibly pronounced his 

vole. 

On the 12th of December following he 
took cold from exposure to a storm of rain 
and sleet, ami on the 1 1th quietly breathed 
his spirit out. Universal mourning fol- 
lowed throughout the land, and even in 
foreign countries was his death received 
in sorrow. Lord Bridport, commanding a 
fleet of sixty ships of the line at Torbay, 
placed his Hags at half mast, while Na- 
poleon announced it to his army, or- 
dering black crepe suspended from all 
standards and flags in the service for ten 
days. 

In the public eulogies pronounced on his 
death, none were more expressive than 
that of Congressman Henry Lee, of Vir- 
ginia, who delivered the oration before the 
Senate and House of Representatives, in 
which he described Washington as a man 
•■ first in war, first in peace ami first in the 
hearts of his fellow-citizens." 

We close this brief sketch of our hero by 
saying he devoted a long life to the 
welfare of his country, and that while 
true greatness commands respect, and the 
love of liberty remains on earth, the meni- 
orj of Washington will be held in venera- 
tion. 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



29 



NEW YORK CITY IN 1789. 



IN the '-Universal Register for the Year 
1787," publish sd by Mr. Hugh Gain, 
the city is described as one mile and a 
half in length and one mile broad, contain- 
ing, before the fire on the 21st of Septem- 
ber, 1776, about 4,200 houses and 30,000 
inhabitants. This conflagration, which 
commenced in a small wooden building on 
the wharf near Whitehall slip, destroyed 
493 buildings and extended on the east 
side from Mortkile (Barclay) street to 
Beaver street and East River, including 
old Trinity Church. 

In 1783 the compact part of the city ex- 
tended to Chambers streeton th i west side 
of Broadway and Catharine street on the 

East River. Fort George st 1 on the 

north end of the Battery, and barracks on 
the south end. There were also barracks 
in the upper end of the common (City Hall 
Park) on Chambers street. The prison 
and house of correction were in the park. 
the latter where the City Hall now stands. 
The "Fresh Water Pond" lay between 
hills in Centre street, now the site of the 
Tombs. It had an outlet to the East River 
at the foot of James street. The hospital 
was on Broadway, at Duane street, the 
corner stone of which was laid by Governor 
Tryon in 1773. 

In 1790 the first official census of the city 
was taken, and it was found to contain 
33,131 inhabitants. It had extended to 
Reade street on the west and to Grand, 
parallel with the Bowery, on the cast. By 
1830 it had crept up to Canal on the west 
and Eighth street on the east. 

Il seems to have surprised some of the 
eastern members of Congress on its first as- 
sembling to find the people were God fear- 
ing and as strict in Sabbath observances as 



any village or hamlet in Connect icut. Mrs. 
Washington elevated the plane of social 
observances, and her levees are spoken of 
as models of propriety. They were held 
on Friday evenings, from 8 to 10 o'clock, 
and modeled after English and French 
drawing rooms. Visitors entitled to the 
privilege by official station, social position 
or merit, came without special invitation. 
Full dress was required of all. But be- 
cause of a rigid exclusion of the ill-bred and 
unrefined, she was dubbed an " aristocrat," 
and her receptions called "court like." 
But the dignity and formality of the Presi- 
dent and his lady introduced a high tone, 
and cultured elegance, grace and good 
manners prevailed. 

The amusement of the people was fur- 
nished by one small theatre in John street, 
where the President sometimes went for 
relaxation. 

Washington's residence at No. 1 Cherrj 
street proving loo small for the proper ac- 
commodation of his family of nine (including 
his three secretaries), ami being too fir 
nut of town, he removed on the first of 
February to the McComb Mansion, 39 
Broadway, just below Trinity Church. 

The old landmarks are fast disappear- 
ing, Frauuces' Tavern, corner Broad and 
Pearl streets, memorable as the scene of 
Washington's Farewell to his < Klicers, after 
the Revolution, and the Old Rhinelander 
Sugar House, corner Duane and Rose 
streets, used as a prison by the British, 
being the only reminders, except St. Paul's 
Church, Broadway and Fulton street, of a 
past century. 

The churches were we'll attended by 
earnest worshippers. Their standing at this 
time may lie briefly mentioned. The Re- 



30 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



formed Dutch Church was the oldest or- 
ganization in the city. They worshipped 
in the Middle Dutch Church, Nassau and 
Liberty streets, afterwards bought (in 
1844) by the United States for a Post 
Office; the South Dutch Church in Garden 
street (now Exchange place); the North 
Dutch Church, corner Fulton (or Fair) 
street and William. The Episcopal, the 
next oldest Church in America, built in 
1696, worshipped in Trinity, Broadway, 
head of Wall. It was burned in 1770, 
but re-erected in 1788, stood until 1840, 
when the new Gothic buildingwas erected; 
St. Paul's, corner Broadway and Vesey, 
built in 1766; St. Georges, built in 1759, 
al corner of Beekman and Clin'; and 
Christ ( Ihurch, built in 1794, in Ann street. 
The Lutherans worshipped in a Stone 
Church, corner William and Franfort 
streets, and the German Reformed in Nas- 
sau, near John. The Presbyterians wor- 
shipped in a Stone Church, in Wall street, 
built in 1719, enlarged in 1768, and finally 
destroyed by fire in 1835. It was rebuilt, 
but only occupied for eight or ten years, 
and in the Old Brick Church, where the 




TRINITY CHURCH. 

ERECTED 1845. 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



31 



Times office now stands, erected in 1701. 
The Scotch Presbyterian Church in Cedar 
street was built in 1758. The First Bap- 
tist Church was in Cold, near Fulton, 
built in 1760. The Methodist Church in 
John street was erected in 1768; the de- 
nomination had another church in Forsyth 
street, built in 1780, and a third in Duane, 
erected in 17(15. The Friends worshipped 
in a church in Greene, near Liberty, 
and another in Pearl street. The .lews 
had a Synagogue in Mill street, built 
in 1730. The Moravians had a church 
in Fair (Fulton), near William', built 
in 1751. These were the oldest church 
edifices. 

The city possessed one library, with 
rooms in Nassau near Liberty. The cus- 
tom house was in the government house 
near Bowling Green, while the post office 
was kept in the house of t lie postmaster, 
Bauman, corner William and Garden. 

There were three banks in operation at 
the close of last century, one the Bank of 
New York, organized 1784, chartered in 
1791, Mathew Clarkson president, with a 
capital of $950,000, and the V. S. Bank, 
incorporated the same .year, with a capital 
of $10,000,000, Cornelius Bay, president; 
the Manhattan Bank, incorporated in 1799, 



capital $2, 050, 000. The New York Marine 

Insurance was incorporated in 1798, and 
the Mutual Fire incorporated the same 
year. There were four markets: The old 
Fly Market, at foot of Maiden Lane; Bear, 
now Washington Market; Exchange Mar- 
ket, foot of Broad, and Oswego Market, 
Broadway and Maiden Lane. Two ferries 
carried people to Brooklyn, one from Fly 
.Market, slip, the other from < 'atharine slip; 
one to Paulus Hook (Jersey City) ; one to 
Elizabeth Point and another to Staten 
Islands 

One institution, Columbia College, was 
a landmark for 103 years, on what is now 
Church street and Park place, until re- 
moved in 1S..7 to East Forty-ninth street, 
between Madison and Fourth avenues. 
King's College, as it was called, received 
its charter on October 31, 1754, and the 
■buildings were erected on grounds bounded 
by Park place, Murray and Church streets 
and College place. Grants fromthecrown 
and nobility placed it on a permanent foot- 
ing, so that the instruction received by the 
pupils embraced everything the most re- 
nowned university can furnish. From the 
date of its founding it has been a. powerful 
lever in molding the character of past gen- 
eral ions. 



■ " - i . -IS' - 



32 



WASHINGTON CKXTEXX1AL. 




The Exchange BfoadtoaiJ Bath Compam] 

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PRODUCE EXCHANGE BUILDING, 

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hours from the Bay, at high tide, and during the cold season heated to an agree- 
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PRICES OF BATHS. 
Turkish and 



Russian 



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Roman Bath or Massage, 32. OO: 10 Tickets, $15.00 

Hot Sea Water Tub Bath, .... 50 Cents 

Scouring and Swimming Bath Combined, - 50 Cents 

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(STTiTOS.A.^S EXCEPTED.) 



BARBER AND CHIROPODIST IN ATTENDANCE, 
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OPEN FOR GENTLEMEN ONLY. 

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Will Re-Open October 3, 1889. 



CAfAlOGUES ON APPLICATIOIN. 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



Naval Parade and Reyiew by President Harrison. 



APRIL 29, 1889. 



The naval vessels participating in the review 
■will be as follows : 

Chicago, carrying the flag of the Secretary of 
the Navy at the main. 

Boston, carrying the flag of the Admiral of 
the Navy at the main. 

Atlanta. 

Yorktown. 

Juniata. 

Yantic. 

The naval vessels will anchor off Ellis Island 
in t ho above order, the Chicago one or two 
lengths north of the island, the others to the 
southward of that ship, at 12 o'clock meridian 
of April 28, to be ready to participate in the 
ceremonies of the following day. Each vessel 
will be provided with howitzers for saluting. 

At "colors" on the morning of April 20, the 
ships of the fleet will be dressed with rainbow 
arches with the national ensign at the mast- 
heads, except on the main or mizzen of flag 
ships; and a salute of 21 guns will be fired. 
When the President passes the fleet each vessel 
will man yards and fire a national salute. At 
sunset a national salute will also be fired by 
each ship and all flags hauled down. 

The revenue cutters and yachts will be 
anchored in double columns, 100 yards apart, 
on April 28, to the southward of the naval ves- 
sels, and will dress ship on the 29th. Those 
which have guns will follow the motions of the 
naval fleet in firing salutes as the President 
passes the line. The river and Sound steamers 
will form in double column to the southward of 
the yachts 100 yards apart. 

The procession of river and Sound steamers 
will consist of 300 vessels, more or less, formed 
In divisions of 13 steamers each. Each division 



will be in command of a Commodore appointed 
from the most experienced river or Sound Cap- 
tains. Each division will form in two columns, 
100 yards apart, and the flag boat, carrying a 
square red flag with the number of the division 
in white figures, three feet high, will lead. 

These divisions will be formed in three grand 
divisions. The first will consist of divisions 
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, under the supervision of 
the Commodore of the first division ; the second 
will consist of divisions 8, 9, 10, 11. 12, 13, U 
and 15, under the supervision of the Commodore 
of the eighth division, and the third will consist 
of divisions 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, under 
the supervision of the Commodore of the six- 
teenth division. Each steamer not commanded 
by a Commodore will carry a blue flag forward 
with the number of the division in whit.'. 

The Commodore of each grand division will 
make signal by steam whistle to "get under 
way," "go ahead," "slow down," "prepare to 
anchor," "anchor," and such other signals as 
may be necessary. The commanding officer of 
every vessel taking part in the procession will 
be furnished with copies of the signals that are 
to be used from the steam whistles of the gen- 
eral programme and of orders. 

Six Deputy Marshals will be appointed from 
the Captains of river or Sound steamers, each to 
proceed in a tug, in order to get the steamers 
first into divisions and then into line. The 
Deputy Marshals will confer with Rear Admiral 
James E. Jouett, United States Navy, Marshal 
of the Day. 

A naval tug, with a howitzer, will be stationed 
outside the Kill Von Kull, and will fire a gun 
when the Despatch is abreast Port Richmond as 
a signal to the fleet to prepare to get under way, 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



and as the Despatch joins the rear of the river 
and Sound steamers, she will lire two guns as a 
signal to the Chicago to steam ahead, all follow- 
ing in column. A tug provided with a signal 
pole and howitzer will be stationed half a mile 
south of Bedlow's Island to repeat the signal 
from the Despatch. 

In running up North River, the naval vessels 
will form at half distances (one cable, '2li(i yards 
apart) in column, and will anchor at that forma- 
tion at tho same distance apart on reaching a 
boat anchored in the stream. The usual signal 
for anchoring will be made by the Chicago, ami 
at tho same time she will fire a gun. All vessels 
will come to anchor when the signal is hauled 
down. Distance will be carefully preserved, 
and the speed of the lie. -t will be six knots. 
Tugs will be employed to keep the river clear of 
vessels, and all vessels besides those mentioned 
in the programme must be removed by 9 o'clock 
A. II. on the 29th of April as high up us Fifty- 
ninth street. 

The Despatch, dressed in national Hags and 
signals, will be at the foot of West Twenty-sixth 



street, North.Kivar, at 7 A. M. of the 29th to 
receive the Committee on Navy. She will then 
steam to Elizabethport, N. J., where the com- 
mittee, the Admiral of the navy, and the Major 
General commanding the army will receive the 
President and suite. 

When the President has reviewed the naval 
display at anchor and has passed down the river 
lo I he foot of Wall street, where he is to land, 
the revenue cutters, yachts, river and Sound 
si earners will be at liberty to retire from the 
line, and the naval vessels will get under way 
and proceed to their regular anchorage be- 
fore sunset, so as not to obstruct tho river. 
No tows will be allowed in the bay or 
North River. All tows coming down the 
liver will be required to haul in shori at 
Eighty-sixth street until after the n I display 
is concluded. 

Rear Admiral James E. Jouett, United Stall's 
Navy, will act as Marshal of the day, and deputy 
marshals will carry out such orders to preserve 
this formation as he may give personally or 
through his aides. 



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^§ t Facts to lie Considered when Select ing a Disinfectant, j 




Do you wish to deodorize or disinfect? In other words, do you wish simply 
to cover up for the time being a foul odor or a nauseating exhalation ot Fever- 
Breeding Germs ? or do you wish to attack the Root and stop at once the forma- 
tion of Noxious Gases and Germs of Disease! Are you aware that there is a 
wide difference between a simple deodorizer and a reliable disinfectant and anti- 
septic? If not, a careful perusal of this article will pay you in many ways. 

What is a deodorizer? It is simply any substince which modifies or prevents 
the perception of odors by covering them with another kind of odor more pleasant 
t" our sense of smell, or stronger. A deodorizer, therefore, is merely a superficial 
device similar to the sugar coating of a pill. Bromine, Chlorine, Carbolic Acid, 
Picrol, Creosote, Musk and all perfumery are some of the most familiar examples 
of this class. We would call attention to the fact that the majority of the so-called 
disinfectants on the market are nothing more or less than deodorizers — good enough 
as such. Uut, do we wish to remove the effect or the Cause ? If the former, de- 
odorize ; if the latter, disinfect, using a Reliable Antiseptic, the action of which is not a covering 
up of one odor with another more pleasant, or a simple combination of a chemical character rendering 
a smell non-smelling, and still allowing the Poisonous Germs to form and freelv circulate in the air 
we*breathe and do their deadly work, as a simple disinfectant only succeeds in doing. An Antiseptic, 
pure and simple, is a substance which prevents the formation of Noxious Mai-Odorous Compounds 
or Gases. 

It does not disinfect by forming compounds with noxious gases and unpleasant exhalations, but 
it prevents the new formation of such substances. It has been established of late that all odors arising 
from animal or vegetable substances, those of the breath as well as the most offensive odois of the 
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Among those which have been isolated by eminent scientists are Bacilli of Consumption, Typhoid 
Fever, Yellow Fever, Lockjaw, Pneumonia, Cholera, Dysentery, Plague, Etc. 

All the above Germs of Disease require moisture for their development and rapid increase. They 
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The solution of this problem of escaping contagion is easily wrought out by the use of THE 
UNIVERSAL VERMIN AND DISINFECTING POWDER, which has been in successful use 
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all times ready to mail copies of these letters upon application. To show the complex nature of our 
compound and its adaptability to its various uses we will simply state that over thirty elements are 
used in its manufacture, and out of three hundred varieties of clay, but One has proved suitable. The 
combination of antiseptics used are not alone destructive to germs of disease, but also to All Form of 
Vermin or Parasites, rendering this powder one of the most valuable articles ever offered to the pub- 
lic. To those interested we would advise a careful perusal of the very complete circular to be had by 
addressing 

THE UNIVERSAL INTRODUCTION CO. 

63 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



1 i 'i sale by all the leading Grocers, Druggists, and Dry Goods Firms, throughout the United States 
and Canada, in Perforated Top Tins at 25 and 50 cents. Also in Bulk for Corporations, etc. 
Liberal Discount to the Trade. Address for Prices, Terms, Etc., 

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CATERERS FOR 7th REGIMENT VETERANS. 



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Commemorative Monument 




AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 



THE Bartholdj Statue of " Liberty Enlightening 
the World," in New York Harbor, presented by 
France to the United States, is the culminating 
history of a century of friendship, dating from 
the time the Marquis Lafayette and Baron DeKalb, with 
other French volunteers, left the shores of France againsl 
the government's wishes, to take part in our struggle 
for National Independence. The friendship of Wash- 
ngton for Lafayette, the closing victory of the Revolu- 
tion in Hie capture of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, by the 
aid of a French Beet and French soldiers under Count 
de Rochambeau, (lie visit of Lafayette to this country 
in 1824, with that of many of his distinguished country- 
men since then, the struggle of the French nation after 
a like freedom from monarchical control, has developed, 
if possible, a more sympathetic feeling between the two 
peoples. 

The statue is constructed of copper sheets "• -16 of an 
inch thick. The forefinger measures eight feet in 
length ami Ave feet in circumference at. the second 
joint. The nail measures fourteen inches in length and 
ten in breadth. The head is fourteen feel high. The 
eye is twenty-eight inches in width. The nose three 
feel nine inches long. The total weight of this stupen- 
dous figure is 440, 000 pounds, of which l?6,000 pounds 
arc copper, the remainder being wrought iron. 

This Colossus of modern art stands, in its imposing 
majesty, higher than the enormous towers of the great 
Brooklyn Bridge, and the steeple of Trinity Church. 
The total cost of the statue, pedestal and foundation 
being nearly one million dollars. 



Fred'k H. Levey & Co. 



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PUTNAM MEMORIAL, 

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ANNAPOLli, MD. 



Wn HIX RECENT YEARS THERE HAS BEEN A MARKED 
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MEMORIAL TABLETS ERECTED 
IN THIS COUNTRY — IN CHURCHES, COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, LIBRA- 
RIES, ARMORIES, HOSPITALS, MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS, ETC., 
WHEREVER IT HAS BEEN DESIRED 1" PERPETUATE THE 
RECORD OF PERSONAI CHARACTER, INDIVIDUAL BENEFICED I, 
OR HISTORICAL RECORDS. 

IN EXPLANATION OF THIS, IT IS WELL TO NOTE THE 
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MURAL TABLET, NAMELY — RICHNESS 
OF APPEARANCE, DURABILITY, THE ARTISTIC EFFECTS OF 
WHICH THE MATERIALS USED ARE CAPABLE, THE COMPAR- 
ATIVELY MODERATE COST OF THIS FORM OF MEMORIAE, AND 
THE ECONOMY OF SPACE NECESSARY. 



'ARTLY BECAUSE OF THEIR LONG EXPERIENCE 



AS ART WORKERS IN METAL, STONE AND WOOD, AND 
MORE PARTICULARLY BECAUSE THEY PAY SPECIAL 



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TABLETS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. 



THE OFFICIAL PROGRAMME OF EXERCISES 

FOR THE 

Washington Centennial Celebration 

APRIL 29 and 30, and MAY 1, 1889. 



WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17. 

I. Formal opening of the Loan Exhibition of 
Historical Portraits and Relics in tin- Assembly 
Rooms of the Metropolitan Opera House, at 8.30 
p. m. The Loan Exhibition will be open t'> the 
public on Thursday, April IS, and remain open 
from 10 A. M. to 6 P. M., and from 7 i>. jr. to in 
p. M., day and evening, until Wednesday, May 8. 
Admission fee, 50 cents. 

MONDAY, APRIL 29. 

II. The Naval Parade will take place in New 
York Harbor from 11 A. M. to 1 p. it. 

The Governors, Commissioners of States and 
other guests, with ladies invited by the Commit- 
tee on States and the members of the General 
Committee, will embark at 9.30 A. at. on the 
steamer Erastus Wiman, at ferry slip foot of 
West Twenty-third street, New York City, to 
receive the President and to meet thePresideniV, 
steamer off Elizabethport. Admittance by spe- 
cial blue ticket. 

On the arrival of President Harrison and the 
Cabinet officers and other officials of distinction 
at Elizabethport at 11 o'clock Monday morning, 
the party will at once embark for New York 
City. The President and immediate suite will 
be received by Committee on Navy, and under 
their direction will embark on the President's 
steamer provided by that committee. 

The steamer Sirius, under the management of 
the Committee on Navy, will receive at Eliza- 
bethport other guests and official personages of 



the presidential party who cannot lie received 
on the President's steamer. Admission to 
steamer Sirius will be by red ticket. The line 
of United States ships of war, yachts and steam- 
boats will lie formed in tin' Upper Bay under 
Admiral David D. Porter, U. S. N., as ( ihief Mar- 
shal, and will be reviewed by the President. 

On the arrival of the presidential party in the 
East River, opposite Wall street, a barge manned 
by a crew of shipmasters from the Marino So- 
ciety of the Portof New York, with Captain Am- 
brose Snow, President of that Society, as cox- 
swain, will row the President ashore. The 
crew of the barge that rowed President Wash- 
ington from Elizabethport to the foot of Wall 
street were members of the same society. 
At the desire of the Marine Society, which still 
has the flag carried when Washington landed at 
Wall street in April, 1789, the barge which will 
convey the presidential party from the Dispatch 
t<> the ferry house will be manned by former 
shipmasters of that society — Captain G. D. S. 
Trask, Captain James Parker, Captain Duer, 
Captain Albert Spencer, Captain George A. Dear- 
born, Captain Benjamin F. March, Captain 
Stephen Whitman, Captain Samuel Y. Fairchild, 
Captain Richard Luce, Captain George L. Nor- 
ton, Captain William Urquhart, Captain William 
A. Ellis, with Captain Ambrose Snow, the vete- 
ran president of that society and of the Board of 
Trade and Transportation, as coxswain. The 
steamers Erastus Wiman and Sirius, prior to the 
debarkation of the President, will land at Pier 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



10, Wall street, the guests for the reception at 
the Equitable Building, and proceed with the 
remaining passengers to Wes1 Twenty-third 
Slii. ( Ferry and West Twenty-second street, 

WELCOMED TO THE CITY. 

III. On arriving at the foot of Wall street the 
President of the United States will be received 
by the Governor of the State of New York, the 
Mayor of the city of New York, Hamilton Fish, 
President, of the Committee, and William G. 
Hamilton, Chairman of Committee on States. 

The President and other guests will next be 
escorted to the Equitable Building, where a re- 
ception and collation will be tendered them ' 
the Committee on States. 

The procession will be formed as follows : 
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Floyd Clarkson, Mar- 
shal. 
Band Fifth Regiment United States Artillery. 
Three Foot Batteries Fifth Regiment U. S. Ar- 
tillery. 
Mew York Commandery of the Loyal Legion of 

the United States. 
Commanders of Posts of the Grand Army of the 
Republic in Counties of New York 
and Kings. 
Cappa's Band. 
Uniformed Battalion of Veterans Seventh Regi- 
ment N. G. S. N. Y., Colonel H. E. 
Tremain. 
Uniformed Veteran Militia Associations of New 
York and Brooklyn. 
Band of the General Service, U. S. Army. 
Society of the Sons of the Revolution. 
The General Committ n the Centennial Cele- 
bration. 
The President of the United States, the Gov- 
ernor of the State of New York, the Mayor of 
the ei:\ of New York and Hamilton Fish, Presi- 
dent of the Committee, Hanked by the barge 
crew from the Marine Society of the Port of New 
York. 

The Vice-President of the United States and 
Lieutenant Governor of the State of New York. 
The Secretaries of State, Treasury, War and 
Navy of the United States. 



The Secretary of the Interior, the Postmaster 
General, the Attorney General and Secretary of 
Agriculture of the United States. 

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the 

United Stdtes. 

The Associate Justices of the Suj reme Court 
of the Unite, l Statesann Judges of other Federal 
Courts. 

Tlic Governors of States, taking precedence in 
the order of admission of their States into the 
Union. 

The official representation of the Senate of the 
United States. 

The official representation of the House of 
Representatives of the United States. 

The Governors of Territories and Presideni of 
the Board of Commissioners of the District of 
Columbia, taking precedence in the order of 
establishment of their Territorial governments. 

The Admiral of the Navy. General Sherman, 
the Major General commanding the Army, and 
officers of the Army and Navy who by name 
havo received the thanks of Congress. 

The official representation of the Society of 
the Cincinnati. 

The Chief Judge and Judges of the Court of 
Appeals of the State of New l'ork. 

The Presiding Justice and Justices of the Su- 
preme Court of the State of New York, and 
Judges of other courts of record within the city 
of New York. 

The Legislature of the State of New York. 

Officers of the State of New York. 

Judges anil Justices of other courts in the city 
of New York. 

The Board of Aldermen of the city of New 
York. 

Heads of departments of the city of New 
York. 

Mayor of the city of Brooklyn. 

The Board of Aldermen of the city of Brooklyn. 

The Foreign Consuls of New York and officers 
of the Army anil Navy of the United States. 

Invited guests, without special order of pre- 
cedence. 

The distance from the landing at the foot of 
Wall street to the Equitable Building being but 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



a few blocks, the procession will proceed on foot 
from the landing at Wall streel to the Equitable 
Building, carriages being only provided for the 
President and his immediate party. At the re- 
ception in the Equitable Building the President, 
with his Cabinet, the Governors of. the Slates, 
the Governor of the si tte of New York and the 
Mayor of the city of New York will have pre- 
sented to them the guests, who will pass ami 
bow to the President and party without shaking 
hands (as was the custom at the reception of 
Washington in 17.S9). Tim reception will last 
from 2 to 3.30 o'clock. Admission only by buff 
ticket. 

IV. From 4 to 5.30 o'clock a public reception 
will be given to the President of the United 
States in the Governor's Boom in the City Hall, 
the President, the Governor of the State of New 
York and the Mayor of the city of New York pro- 
ceeding under military escort. 

At the steps of the City Hall a representation 
of girls from the public schools will assemble 
and welcome the President of the United States. 

THAT MFCH-TALKED-OF BALL. 

V. In the evening at 9 o'clock the Centennial 
Ball will be given in the Metropolitan Opera 
House. The following is the programme : 

The Mayor of the city of New York, as host 
and as Chairman of the Committee on the Cen- 
tennial Celebration of the Inauguration oft leorge 
Washington as President of the United States, 
to arrive at the Metropolitan Opera House at 
10.15 p. M., and at 10.30 to receive the President 
of the United States and other distinguished 
guests. 

The President to be brought to the ball by the 
Chairman of the Committee on Entertainment, 
accompanied by the Governor of the State of 
New York and Mrs. Harrison, the Vice-President 
and Mis. Morton, the Lieutenant-Governor and 
Mrs. Junes. 

The manager of the ball to meet the President 
at his carriage and conduct him into the build- 
ing, where the formal reception by the Mayor 
will take place. 

After the reception the guests above named 



will be conducted to the floor in the following 
order, escorted by a guard of honor: 
The Mayor. The President. The Governor. 

The Vice-President and Mrs. Harrison, 

The Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Morton. 

The President of the General Committee and 

Mrs. -I s. 

In front of the President's box the Chairman 
of the Committee on Entertainment will present 
lo the President the Chairman of the Executive 
Committee and the members of the Committee 
on Entertainment and the Committee on Plan 
aiel Scope. 

After the presentation the opening quadrille 
will be formed by the manager of the ball. 

At midnight the President and party will be 
escorted in the above older to the supper room, 
which order will be observed on returning. The 
serving of wine will cease at 1 o'clock a. m., in 
compliance with the law. 

TUESDAY, APEIL 30. 

VI. Services of thanksgiving, pursuant to the 
proclamation of the President, will be held in 
churches in New York and throughout the coun- 
try at A. M., being the hour at which religious 
services were held in New York City on April 30, 

17s: i. 

VII. A special service of thanksgiving will be 
held in St. Paul's Chapel at 9 o'clock, which the 
President and other distinguished quests will 

attend. This service will b< nducted by 

the Right Rev. Henry C. Potter. D. I'., L.L. D., 

Bishop of New York, as the servi in the day 

of Washington's inauguration in 17*0 was con- 
ducted by the Bishop of New York, the Right 
Rev. Samuel Provoost. Admission only by lav. 
ender ticket. 

The ( 'ommittee of the Vestry of Trinity Church 
will meet the President al the Vesey street gate 
and escort him to the west porch of the chapel, 
when, he will be received by the rector and the 

full vestry. The President will then 1 scorted 

to the Washington pew, and on his withdrawal 
from thechapel the vestry will escort him to 
west porch, where ho will be received by the Com. 
mittee on Literary Exercises at theVesej streel 
gate. 




J. & R. LAMB, 

Established, 1857. 59 CARMINE ST., NEW YORK. 

MEMORIAL ART WORKS. 



STAINED AND MOSAIC 



SS 



? S* 



WINDOWS, WHETHER IX CHURCHES OR PUB- 
LIC BUILDINGS, ARK ALWAYS APPROPRIATE AS 

MEMORIALS 

BRILLIANCY : OF : COLOR, : PERMANENCY 
OF : MATERIAL : AND : ARTISTIC : EFFECT 



ARE : COMBINED : IN : SUCH 



WORK 



GARFIELD MEMORIAL. 



: : : WE ARE PLEASED TO SUBMIT ORIGI- 
NAL AND INDIVIDUAL DESIGNS FOR ALL 
FORMS OF MEMORIALS, WHETHER IN 
METAL, GLASS, MARBLE. ETC., TOGETHER 
WITH PHOTOGRAPHS OF WORK AL- 



READY EXECUTED. 



ERECTED IN' ST. JAMES CHURCH, LONG BRANCH, AS 

A MEMORIAL OF THE LATE PRESIDENT. IT COM- 

RATES HIS ATTENDING DIVINE SERVICE AT ST, ] )ESIGNIN< '< DKP'T 

JAMES* ON THE SUNDAY BEFORE HIS ASSASSINATION. 



Mr. CHAS. R. LAMP. 







!!B»\B\TNM10tW 



IIK!?f*SW:^UIvV^ 







;:<iAi^;u^iji;si?m:orNi:\vyo! 
^KiMLUAlASHiil 



JBf.-.iAftBft.ti'il --, - — - ■''■* ■■'-' ^ > \ ' ■ - --■■■■ ■ 



OXIDIZED SILVER TABLET 11 ) IX THE ROOM OF THE EIGHTH COMPANY, SEVENTH 

II] N I, NEW YORK, IX MEMORY OF HENRY C. SHI MWAY AND GEORGE WILLIAM SMITH, I. ATE 



CAPTAINS OF THE COMPANY. Si I I PTOR, MR. GEORGE T. BREWSTER, (PUPIL OF MERCIE, PARIS)" 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



The services at St. Paul's Chapel will be as fol- 
lows : 

1. Processional Hymn. 

2. Our Father. &c. 

3. Psalm lxxxv. 

4. First Lesson, Eccles. xliv. 
5 To Deum. 

6. Second Lesson, St. John viii. 

7. Benedicite. 

8. Creed and Prayers. 

9. Address by the Eight Rev. Henry C. rotter. 
Bishop of New York. 

10. Recessional Hymn. 

VIII. At the close of the religious services at 
9.45 a. M.°, the President and party will proceed 
to the Sub-Treasury Building, at the corner of 
Wall and Nassau streets, the scene of the inaug- 
uration ceremony on April 30, 1789, where the 
literary exercises will take place. These exer- 
cises will begin at 10 a. m., anil will consist of 
an invocation by the Rev. Richard S. Storrs, 
D. D., L.L. D. ; a poem by John Greenleaf Whit- 
tier; an oration by Chauncey Mitchell Depew, 
L.L. D:; an address by the President of the 
United States, and the benediction by the Most 
Rev. Michael Augustine Corrigan, Archbishop 
of New York. 

THE BID PARADE. 

IX. At the conclusion of the literary exercises 
the President and members of the Cabinet, the 
Chief Justin' and the Associate Justices of the 
United States, will be driven to the reviewing 
stand at Madison Square to review the parade. 

Other guests will l arried to the reviewing 

stands by a special train on the Third Avenue 
Elevated Railroad, which will start at Hanover 
Square :l nd run to the Twenty-third street sta- 
tion. 

X. While the literary exercises are taking 
place the military will move from the head of 
Wall street and Broadway. The column, under 
Major General John M. Schofleld, U. S. A., as 
Chief Marshal, will be composed of the cadets 
from the Military Academy of West Point, the 
naval cadets from Annapolis, the troops of the 
regular army and navy, and the National Guard 
•of each State in the order in which the States 



ratified the Constitution or were admitted to the 
Union. These will bo followed by the Military 
Order of the Loyal Legion and tho posts of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

The order of the States in procession is as fol- 
lows : The infantry and artillery brigades of the 
regular army, the marines and sailors of the 
navy, and the corps of cadets from the United 
States Military Academy at West Point and tho 
Naval Academy at Annapolis will occupy the 
right of line. To these will succeed : 

Delaware. — Gov. Benjamin T. Biggs; Brig. 
Gen. Richard R. Kenney, Adjutant General. 

Pennsylvania.— Gov. James A. Beaver; Brig. 
Cen. Daniel H. Hastings, Adjutant General. 

New Jersey. — Gov. Robert S. Green; Brig. 
Brevet Major Gen. William S. Stryker, Adjutant 
( leneral. 

G gia. — Gov. John I>. Gordon; Col. John 

Mcintosh Kell, Adjutant General. 

Connecticut. — Gov. Morgan <: Bulkeley; Prig. 
Gen. Lucius II. Barbour, Adjutanl General. 

Massachusetts. — Gov. Oliver Ames; Major 
(Jen. Samuel Dalton, Adjutant General. 

Maryland.— Gov. Elihu E. Jackson ; Major 
Gen. James Howard. Adjutant General. 

South Carolina. — Gov. John P. Richardson: 
Brig. Gen. M. L. Bonham, Adjutant General. 

New Hamphire. — Gov. Charles II. Sawyer; 
Major Gen. Augustus T. Ayling. Adjutant Gen- 
eral. 

Virginia. — Gov. Fitzhugh Lee: Brig. Gen. 
James McDonald, Adjutant General. 

New York.— Gov. David B. Hill; Major Gen. 
Josia'h Porter, Adjutant General. 

North Carolina. — Gov. Daniel G Fowle; Brig. 
Gen. Johnstone Jones, Adjutant General. 

Rhode Island.— Gov. Royal C. Taft; Brig. 
Gen. Elisha Dyer, Adjutant General. 

Vermont.— Gov. William P. Dillingham; Brig, 
Hen. Theodore S. Peck, Adjutant. 

Kentucky. — Gov. Simon B. Buekner; Brig. 
Gen. Samuel E. Hill, Adjutant General. 

Tennessee. — Gov. Robert L. Taylor. 

(ihio. — Gov. Joseph B. Foraker; Major Gen. 
Henry A. Axline, Adjutant General. 

Louisiana.— Gov. Francis P. Nicholls. 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



Indiana. — Gov. Alvin P. Hovey. 

Mississippi. — Gov. Kobert Lowroy; Brig. Gen. 
William Homy, Adjutant General. 

Illinois.— Gov. Joseph W. Pifer. 

Alabama. — Gov. Thomas Seay; Col. A B. Gar- 
land, Jr., Adjutant General. 

Maine. — Guv. Edwin C.Burleigh; Brig. Gen. 
Henry M. Sprague, Adjutant General. 

Missouri. — Governor David R. Francis. 

Arkansas. — Gov. James P. Eagle. 

Michigan. — Gov. Cyrus ('. Luce; Brig. Gen. 
Daniel B. Ainger, Adjutant General. 

Florida. — Gov. Francis P. Fleming; Major 
Gen. D. Lang, Adjutant General. 

Tex;is. — Gov. Lawrence S. Ross; Brig. Gen. 
W. H. King, Adjutant General. 

Iowa. - Gov. William Larrabee; Major Gen. 
William Alexander, Adjutant General. 

Colorado. —Gov. Job A. Cooper. 

Wisconsin. — Gov. William D. Hoard. 

California. — Gov. Robert W. Waterman ; Brig. 
Gen. Richard H. Or^on. Adjutant General. 

Minnesota. — Gov. William R. Merriam. 

Oregon. — Gov. Sylvester Pennoyer ; Col. J. C. 
Shafner, Adjutant General. 

Kansas. —Gov Lyman U. Humphrey. 

ffcsl Virginia. — Gov. E. Willis Wilson. 

Nebraska. — Gov. John M. Thayer; Brig. Gen. 
A. V. Cole, Adjutant General. 

Nevada. —Gov. Christopher C. Stephenson; 
Brig. Gen. H. C. Davis, Adjutant General. 

Tlie aggregate of officers and men to be re- 
viewed by tin' President of the United States 
on Tuesday, April 30, will be 50,000 in round 
numbers. 

The Militia of New York and Brooklyn will 
form the most important part of the parade. 

In accordance with the orders ■ >f Gov. Hill, 
the National Guard of this State will move as 
follows in the Centennial parade: Gov. David 
l Hill and Staff; Troop A, First Brigade, Capt. 
Roe ; First Brigade, Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, New 
York; First Battery, Capt. Louis Wendel; Sec- 
ond Battery, ('apt. David Wilson : Seventh Reg- 
iment, Col. Emmons Clark; Eighth Regiment 
Col. Geo. D. Scott; Ninth Regiment. Col. Wm. 
Seward, Jr. ; Twelfth Regiment, Col. W. Barber; 



Twenty-second Regiment, Col. John T. Camp ; 
Sixty-ninth Regiment, Col. James Cavanagh; 
Seventy-first Regiment, Col. Fred Kopper. 

Second Brigade, Gen. James McLeer, Brook- 
lyn ; Third Battery, Capt. H. B. Rasquin ; Thir- 
teen! Ii Regiment, Col. David E. Austen; Four- 
teenth Regiment, Col. H. W. Michel ; Twenty- 
third Regiment, Col. J. N. Partridge : Thirty- 
second Regiment, Col. L. Finkelmeier; Forty- 
seventh Regiment, Col. Ed L. Gaylor ; Seven- 
teenth Separate Company, Flushing, Capt. Thos. 
Miller, Jr. 

Third Brigade, Gen. Amasa J. Parker, Jr., 
Albany ; Sixth Battery, Capt. L. L. Olmsted ; 
Tenth Batalion, Lieut. Col. W. E. Fitch. 
First Provisional Regiment, Lieut. Col. Hard- 
ing, Thirteenth. 

-1th Sep. Co., Yonkers, Capt. J. I. Pruyn. 

5th Sep. Co., Newburg. Capt. J. T. Chase. 

Kith Sep. Co., Newburg, Lieut. W. J. Whited. 

11th Sep. Co., Mount Vernon, Capt. I. N. 
Pressey. 

14th Sep. Co., Kingston, Lieut. J. G. Van 
Etten. 

15th Sep. Co., Poughkeepsie, Capt. Bert My- 
ers. 

16th Sep. Co., Catskill, Capt. A. M. Murphy. 

10th Sep. Co., Poughkeepsie, Capt. W. Hau- 
bennestel. 

23d Sep. Co., Hudson, Lieut. R. Reynolds. 

24th Sep. Co., Middleton, Capt. C. B. Wood. 
Second Provisional Regiment, Col. Alex. B. 
Bacon. 

3d Sep. Co., Oneonta, Capt. Walter Scott. 

6th Sep. Co., Troy, Capt. Jas. W. Cusack. 

7th Sep. Co., Cohoes, Capt. P. G. Tymerson. 

9th Sep. Co., Whitehall, Lieut. T. A. Patter- 
son. 

12th Sep. Co., Troy, Capt. J. Egolf. 

18th Sep. Co., Glens Falls, Capt. Jas. S. Gar- 
rett. 

21st Sep. Co., Troy, Capt. Samuel Foster. 

22d Sep. Co., Saratoga, Capt. R. C. McEwen. 

27th Sep. Co., Malone, Lieut. G. W. Crooks. 

32(1 Sep. Co., Hooslck Falls, Capt. C, W. Eddy. 
Third Provisional Regiment, Lieut. Col. .1. A. 
Dennison, Seventy-first: 



WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL. 



20th Sep. Co., Bingharaton, Capt. H. C. Kogers. 

28th Sep. Co., Utiea, Capt. T. H. Remmar. 

31s.t Sep Co., Mohawk, Capt. A. I. Budlong. 

33d Sep. Co., Walton, Capt. M. W. Marvin. 

35th Sep. Co., Ogdensburg, Capt. H. Holland. 

36th Sep. Co., Schenectady, Capt. A. A. Yates. 

37th Sep. Co., Schenectady, Capt. G. W. Mar- 
ietta. 

39th Sep. Co., "Watertown, Capt. J. R. Miller. 

44th Sep. Co., Utica, Capt. D. T. Evarts. 

46th Sep. Co., 

Fourth Brigade, Gen. Peter C. Doyle, Buffalo ; 
Fifth Battery, Capt. Michael Auer. 
Sixty-fifth Regiment, Lieut. Col. John E. Robie. 
3th Sep. Co., Jamestown, Capt. Henry Smith. 

4:id Sep. Co., Glean, Capt. C. G. Thyng. 
Seventy-fourth Regiment, Col. U. S. Johnson. 

1st Sep. Co., Penn Yan, Capt. A. Gridley. 

34th Sep. Co., Geneva., Capt. William Wilson. 

42d Sep. Co., Niagara Falls, Capt. C B. Gaskill. 
Fourth Provisional Regiment, Col. Sam L. 
Welch, Sixty-fifth. 

2d Sep. Co , Auburn, Capt. W. M. Kirby. 

8th Sep. Co., Rochester, Capt. H. B. Hender- 
son. 

26th Sep Co., Elmira, Lieut. F. B. Parke. 

29th Sep. Co., Oswego, Capt. H. H. Herron. 

30th Sep. Co., Elmira, Capt. R. Morse. 

38th Sep. Co., Oswego, Capt. F. M. Stearns. 

40th Sep. Co., Syracuse, Capt. T. M. Barber. 

41st Sop. Co , Syracuse, Capt. W. B. Randall. 

45th Sep. Co., 

XI. The route of the procession will be up 
Broadway to Waverley place, through Waverley 
place to Filth avenue, thence up Fifth avenue to 
Fifty-seventh street. The reviewing stand will 
be on the east side of Fifth avenue on Madison 
square, extending from Twenty-third to Twenty- 
sixth street. 

The other stands will be as follows : 

1. On the west side of Fifth avenue from Twen- 
ty-fourth to Twenty-fifth street. 

2. On the west side of Fifth avenue from For- 
tieth to Forty-second street. 

3. On the north side of Washington square. 

4. On the east side of Broadway at the City 
Hall Park. 



XII. The Centennial Banquet will take placo 
at the Metropolitan Opera House at 6.30 p. m. 

XIII. At 8 p. m. there will be at the reviewing 
stand, Madison Square, a free open-air concert 
of vocal and instrumental music under the aus- 
pices of the German-Americans of Now York. 

XIY. During the evening there will be a gen- 
eral illumination of the city and display of fire- 
works in the following localities : 

Tompkins Square, Canal Street Park, Wash- 
ington Square, Union Square, Fifty-ninth street 
and Eighth avenue. Mount Morris Park, East 
River Park (Eightieth street), Washington 
Heights and places in Twenty-third and Twen- 
ty-fourth Wards. 

WEDNESDAY, MAY 1. 

XV. The Industrial and Civic Parade, under 
command of Major Gen. Daniel Butterfield, late 
U. S. Volunteers, Chief Marshal, will take place. 
The lino of march will be from Fifty-seventh 
street down Fifth avenue to Waverley place, up 
Waverley place to Broadway and down Broad- 
way to Canal street. 

THE CIVIC PARADE. 

The third and last day of the C Milennial Cele- 
bration, May 1, will be devoted to the civic 
parade, which promises to eclipse anything of 
its character that New York has ever beheld. 
The central feature will be the Boats demon- 
strating the progress of commerce and trade 
since the Declaration of Independence was 
penned. 

The parade will embrace the representatives 
of the various tiadcs, the firemen, and the vari- 
ous foreign societies, the Catholics, the odd 
Fellows, the Free Masons, and scores of other 
bodies. Among the organizations that will be 
in line are : 

ORGANIZATIONS IN LINE. 

The Association of Exempt Firemen, J. F. 
Wenman, New York ; Volunteer Firemen's As- 
sociation, William Thomas, Long Island ; Vet- 
eran Firemen's Association, J. F. Wenman, New 
York; Veteran Volunteer Firemen, J. P. Rorke, 
Brooklyn ; Volunteer Firemen's Association, J. 




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V. Scully, Brooklyn ; V. S. Grant Hose Com- 
pany, F. B Creen, New York ; Protective Engine 
Company, W. H. Rowen, New York ; Tiger Hose 
Company, W. Gillis, Jr., Long Island; Coffee 
Exchange, Louis Seligsberg, New York ; Me- 
chanics and Tradesmen, S. II. Wright, New 
York City ; Frelinghuysen Lancers, F. H. Bel- 
knap, Newark, N. J. ; Caledonian Club, A. Hali- 
day, New York ; Huguenot Societ}, J. Jay. New 
York; Knights of Friendship, W. H. Merrick, 
Philadelphia, Pa. ; Washington League, C. S. 
Erb, New York ; United Order American Me- 
chanics, L. N. Hart, New York; Life Oak Asso- 
ciation Committee, New York; Republican 
Union and Protective Club, G. W. Lattimore, 
New York ; Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
J. O. Woodward, New York ; Knights of Pythias, 
T. II. Palmer. New York ; Ancient Order of For- 
esters, John G. Ward, New York; Palestine 
Commandary, Knights Templar, C. E. Lansing, 
New York; and Sons of Veterans, W. 0. Mc- 
Donald, New York ; Brooklyn Police, 500 men, 
under Commissioner .Tumi's P. Bell: the Free 
Masons; Port Richmond Fire Engine Company, 
E. W. Foster, Staten Island: Coney Island Fire 
Department, C. Stubenbord, Long Island; Vet- 
eran Firemen's Sons. G. F. Haller, Jr., New 
York; Hope Engine Company, J. H. Berkmine, 
New Jersey; Volunteer Firemen's Association, 
C. C. Parish, New York. 

The Caledonians will appear in Highland cos- 
tumes. The Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows, 
and Free Masons will parade in their regalia. 
The Knights Templar will appear in their bril- 
liant uniforms. 

THE OEKMANS IN THE PAEADE. 

The German section of the parade will be 
composed of three parts : First, marching soci- 
eties, with bands and banners; second, indus- 
tries, on floats ; and, third, singing and musical 
societies. The most attractive part will be the 
second, which is to be shown in five subdivis- 
ions. 

Subdivision A will treat of the history of Ger- 
man immigration, and will be shown in eight 



tableaux: First, German immigration one hun- 
dred years ago; second, German immigrants 
going t> the West; third, pioneers of agricul- 
ture; fourth, herrenhuter; fifth, German heroes 
of the American Revolution ; sixth, immigrants 
of 1831) and 1848 ; seventh, Germans in the civil 
war; and, eighth, immigrants of to-day. 

Subdivision B— First tableau. Printing and 
presswork one hundred years ago; second, floral 
display; third, wine culture; fourth, group of 
Bacchus; fifth, group of Gambrinus, and, sixth, 
the different trades. 

Subdivision C— First tableau, kindergarten; 
second, Christmas; third, singing societies; 
fourth, schuetzen corp; fifth volksfest socie- 
ties; and, sixth, carnival societies. 

Subdivision D — First tableau, technical 
achievements; se< 1, Science, with an im- 
mense bust of Alexander Humboldt; third, 
arts; forth, church and concert music; fifth, 
volkshead; sixth, opera music; and, seventh, 
Wagnerian music. 

Subdivis'on E will be a grand representation 
of Columbia and Germania surrounded by Ger- 
mans of every tribe of ancient ( rermany. 

s '" >f the floats on which the tableaux will 

be represented will be over twenty-two feet 
high, notably the Mnp that is to represent the 
I rerman immigrants coming to this country. 

HOLLANDERS TO TAKE PART. 

The New York Hollanders will be arrayed as 
their forefathers were acenturyago. Many Hol- 
landers who are factory owners and employ 
many workingmen have promised to secure the 
hearty co-operation of every man in their em- 
ployment. Thus it is probable that several 
trade banners will be displayed, which will 
aptly demonstrate the interest of Hollanders in 
tin? industries of this country. 

Over 450 Irish Catholic societies, with a mem- 
bership of 25,000 to :r,,( , will take part in the 

parade. The movement has the approval of 
Archbishop Corrigan. German Catholics to the 
number of 15,000 have already arranged to par- 
ticipate. 



W AKHI NGTON C'E.M EKNIAL. 



THE OL«-TIlIE FIREMEN. 

The veterans of the old Volunteer Fire De- 
partment expect to make a grand appearance in 
the civic parade. All the old "boys "now living 
who used to run " wid der masheen" in the ear- 
lier days of this century will man many of the 
old-time, engines and hose carts formerly used 
by them. The Ass iciation of Exempt Firemen, 
led by J. F. Wenman, will make an imposingdis- 
play. So win tin' Veteran Firemen's Associa- 
tion. Among other organizations will bo tin.' I". 
S. Grant Hose Company, old Protective Engine 
Company, Veteran Firemen's Sons, and the Vol- 
unteer Firemen's Association, all of this city, 

To these will be added the Volunteer F.re- 
mcn's Association of Long Island. Veteran Yol- 
unteer Firemen of Brooklyn, Volunteer Fire- 
men's Association of Brooklyn, Tiger Hose 

C pany of Lou.; Island, Port Richmond Fire 

Engine Company, Coney Island Fire Depart- 
111 nt. and Hope Engine Company of Jersi y City. 

Firemen from other points will also be present. 
I; 'presentatives, with their apparatus, will be in 



line from Albany, Nowburg, Poughkeepsie, Hud- 
son, Rochester, Buffalo, Binghamton, Philadel- 
phia, Baltimore, New Hav :n and Boston. 

A battalion of the paid Fire Department will 
bring up the rear of the firemen's division in the 
parade. 

Among the veterans will be old ex-Chief Harry 
Howard and George Robertson. The latter re- 
sides in Wo-cester, Mass., and is the oldest 
living New York volunteer fireman. He was born 
May 1, 1799, and when quite a young man ran 
with Engine No. 16. His mother and father 
attended the inauguration ball given in honor 
of Washington. 

WEDNESDAY, MAY 8. 

Close of the Loan Exhibition of Historical 
Portraits and Relics in the Assembly Rooms of 
th" Metropolitan Opera House. 

Officers of the Army and Navy and persons oc- 
cupy ing official positi ms are requested toappear 
in full uniform. 



CORRECT LINE OF MARCH. 

The route of the procession will be up Broadway to Waverly Place, 
ihrough Waverly Place to 14th Street, to Union Square, to 17th Street, 
:o Fifth Avenue, thence up Fifth Avenue to 57th Street. The Reviewing 
Stand will be on the East side of Fifth Avenue on Madison Square, ex- 
tending from Twentv-third to Twen*"-sixth Street. 






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